THE  TAPESTRY  HANGINGS  OE  THE  HOUSE  OE 

LORDS, 

REPRESENTING  THE  SEVERAL  ENGAGEMENTS  BET\VeEN  THE 

ENGLISH  AND  SPANISH  FLEETS. 


%,  JOHN  PINE.  Engraver. 


REPRODUCED  IN  HELIOTYPE  FROM  AN  ORIGINAL  COPY  IN  THE 
COLLECTION  OF  CHARLES  HERVEY  TOWNSHEND. 

WITH 

An  Appendix  containing  Biographical  Sketches  of  the  Principal  English  Commanders 
Knighted  by  the  Admiral  at  Sea,  July  26,  i§88. 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED  BY  HOUGHTON,  OSGOOD  AND  COMPANY. 

€ijc  JUiVJcr^ibc  Cambritigc. 

1878. 


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- Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
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https://archiye.org/details/spanisharmada15800pine 


THE 


SPANISH  ARMADA, 

’ ^ 

1588. 


THE  TAPESTRY  HANGINGS  OE  THE  HOUSE  OE 

LORDS. 


REPRESENTING  THE  SEVERAL  ENGAGEMENTS  BETWEEN  THE 


ENGLISH  AND  SPANISH  FLEETS. 


JOHN  PINE,  Engraver. 

/ 

REPRODUCED  IN  HELIOTYPE  FROM  AN  ORIGINAL  COPY  IN  THE 
COLLECTION  OF  CHARLES  HERVEY  TOWNSHEND. 


WITH 


An  Appendix  containing  Biographical  Sketches  of  the  Principal  English  Commanders 
Knighted  by  the  Admiral  at  Sea,  fitly  26,  1588. 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED  BY  HOUGHTON,  OSGOOD  AND  COMPANY. 


€Ijc  Camtjritsge. 

1878. 


Copyright,  1878, 

By  CHARLES  HERVEY  TOWNSHEND 


9 


RIVERSIDE,  CAMBRIDGE 
STEREOTYPED  AND  PRINTED  BY 
H O.  HOUGHTON  AND  COMPANY 


THE  GETTY  CENTER 
LIBRARY 


DIE U ET  • MON  -"DROIT 


TAPESTRY  HANGINGS 


HOUSE  of  LORD  S 


Kcprelcnting  tbc  lc\'ernl 


B E T AV  E E N T H E 


ENGLISH  And  SPANISH  FLEETS 


In  the  ever  memorable  Yt'ar  molxxxv  iii, 

Wirh  the 

Portraits  of  the  Lord  High -Admiral,  and  the  other 
Noble  Commanders,  taken  from  the  Life. 


To  whidi  iiiv  niUltil, 

From  a Kook  entitled,  Rxpi’tlilmii.i  Hijiuinonim  in  Jngliam  -ivni  Ueferiptio,  A.  D.  1588 
done,  as  is  fiipjxdcd,  fi)r  the  laid  Tapclhy  to  bi-  Aeork’d  after, 

Ten  CHARTS  of  the  Sea-Coasts  of  England, 

And  a Gen  krai  One  of 

England.,  Scotland.,  Ireland,  France,  Holland,  ^c. 
Shewing  tlic  I’lace.s  of  Action  hetween  the  two  F l e e t s ; 
Ornamented  with 

MEDALS  llnick  upon  that  Occasion, 

And  otlier  fnitablc  Devices. 


Ai  Historic  AE  Account  of  each  Day’s  Adion,  Colleded  from  the  molt  Authentic 
Manulcripts  and  Writers. 


By  yOHN  PINE,  Engraver 


LONDON,  MDCCXXXIX, 


Jofd  /’v  A.Ytne  tn  P/</7^e7i(/ . fhwt  mar  Etra^/lt/ 


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KING. 


SIR, 

T Humbly  beg  Leave  to  prefent  to  Your 
Majefty,  thele  Reprelentations  of  the 
Hangings  in  the  Houle  of  Lords,  which 
contain  the  leveral  Vidories  obtained  a- 
gainll  the  King  of  Spam  in  1588. 

That  the  lame  glorious  Succels  may  at- 
tend your  Majefty,  whenever  your  Fleets 
lhall  be  engaged  with  any  of  your  Ma- 
jelly’s  Enemies,  is  the  hearty  Prayer  of 


Tour  MAJESTY s 


Mojl  dutiful  and  mojt  obedient 


Subject  and  Servant, 


JOHN  PINE 


S U B S C 


R I B E R S 


Hh  Royal  Highnefs  the  P R INC E W A L E S. 

His  Royal  Highnefs  the  DUKE. 

His  mojl  Serene  Highnefs  the  P R I N CE  c/*  O R A N G E. 


IS  Grace  the  Duke  of  St.  Alban’s. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  0/ Ancafter. 

Hts  Grace  the  Duke  of  Argyll  and  Greenwicb> 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Athol. 

Right-Honourable  the  Earl  of  Albemarle. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  ^ Aylesford. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Abergavenny. 

The  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bijhop  cf  Sc.  Afaph. 

Sir  Jofeph  Ayliffe,  Bart.  2 Setts. 

The  Honourable  Richard  Arundell, 

Richard-Arnold,  EJ^ 

Jacob  Aftley,  EJq-, 

Mr.  Chriftopher  Anderfon. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Bedford. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Bolton. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Buccicugh. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Burlington,  2 Setts. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Bruce. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Bathurft. 

The  R^ht  Reverend  the  Lord  Bi/hop  of  Bangor,  2 Setts, 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Vere  Beauclerk. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Baltimore. 

Sir  George  Beaumont,  Bart. 

Sir  John  Bland,  Bart. 

Sir  Roger  Burgogne,  Bart, 

Sir  Thomas  Brand,  Knt. 

Thomas  Bacon,  Efq-, 

Henry  Barham,  Efq-, 

'William  Banners,  Efqv 
Nicholas  Bay  ley,  Efq-, 

Nathanael  Blackerby,  Efq-. 

The  Honwbable  Martin  Bladen,  tfqx 
Thomas  Bladen,  Efq\ 

Walter  Blackett,  Efq\ 

Robert  Briftow,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Brian,  Efq-, 

Alexander  Brodie, 

JoGah  Burchett,  Efq-, 

The  Rev.  Dr.  John  Burton,  Majler  cf  Winchefter  School. 
Robert  Burd,  Efq-, 

Samuel  Burroughs,  Efq-, 

Robert  Byng,  .Efq-, 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Chandos. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Makquis  of  Caernarvon. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Cardigan) 

The  Right  Honourable  the. Earl  of  Coventry. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Chefterfield. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Cholmondeley. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Clarendon  and  Rocheilcr, 
The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  Cowper. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Craven. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  lord  Carteret. 

Sir  James  Campbell,  Bart. 

Sir  'William  Carew,  Bart. 

Sir  John  Hinde  Cotton,  Bart, 

Sir  William  Courtenay,  Bart. 

Sir  Francis  Child,  Knt.  Alderman  of  London, 

Sir  Clement  Cottrell,  Knt. 

Trinity  College  Library  in  the  Umverfttyef  Cambridge, 
Richard  Chandler,  Efq-, 

James  Chetham,  Efq-, 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Alured  Clarke. 

Matthew  Clarke,  M.  D, 

John  Codrington,  Efq-, 

John  Conduit,  ^q-, 

Thomas  Coplefton,  Efq\ 

Thomas  Corbett,  Efq-, 

The  Honourable  Spacer  Cowper,  Efqy 
William  Cowper,  Efq% 

James  Cockburn,  Efqy 
John  Crawley,  Efqy 
Mrs.  Crewe. 

John  Crewe,  Jun,  Efqy 
Jofeph  Crewe,  Efqy 
Thomas  Croflb,  Efqy 
Andrew  Crofle,  Efqy 
John  Crofle,  Efqy 
Philip  Carter,  A-  M. 

Mr,  Charles  Cary. 


His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Devonfhire. 

Hit  Grace  the  Duke  of  Dorfet. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Darn  ley. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  De  La  Warr. 

Sir  James  Dafhwood,  Bart.  2 Setts. 

Sir  Francis  Henry  Drake,  Bart. 

Sir  Charles  Dalton,  Knt. 

The  Honourable  General  James  Dormer. 

Robert  Douglas,  Efqy 
Mr.  James  Deacon,  Jun. 

Andrew  Ducarel,  Efqy 
James  Douglas,  Efqy 
Thomas  Duncombe,  Efqy 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Exeter. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Countefs  of  Exeter. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Effingham. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Egmont. 

Sir  Richard  Ellys,  Bart. 

The  Honourable  Richard  Edgeumbe,  Efqy 
The  Honourable  George  Evens,  Efqy 
Mr.  Charles  Egleton. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Fitz- Walter. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Findlater. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Vifeount  Falconbergh, 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Foley. 

The  Honourable  Mr.  Juft  ice  Fortefeue. 

Sir  Robert  Fagg,  Bart. 

Sir  John  Frederick,  Bart. 

Sir  Andrew  Fountains,  Knt. 

The  Honourable  John  Finch,  Efqy  of  Cavendifli  Squarev 

The  Honourable  Duncan  Forbe^  Efqy 

Nicholas  Fenwick,  Efqy 

Thomas  Foley,  Jun.  Efqy 

Matthew  Frampton,  M.  D.  of  Oxford. 

Thomas  Frederick,  Efqy 
Richard  Frewin,  M.  D.  of  Oxford. 

Hts  Grace  the  Duke  of  Grafton. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  North  and  Guilford. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Gower. 

The  Right^  Honourable  the  Lord  Gall  way. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Grey. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lady  Eliz.  Germain.  * Setts. 

Sir  Robert  Grofvenor*  Bart. 

The  Honourable  VI  iXlamheorefoR  Gower,  Efqy 

Henry  Gardie,  Efqy 

Francis  Gauflend,  Efqy 

Edward  Gibbon,  Eifqy 

Weftby  Gill,  Efqy 

William  Gore,  Efq-, 

Edward  Le  Grande,  Efqy 
Charles  Gray,  Efq-,  of  Colchefter. 

Afr.  John  Godfrey. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Hamilton  and  Brandon. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Hallifkx. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Hardwick. 

Nicholas  Hardinge,  Efqy 
Edward  Harley,  Efqy 
Michael  Harvey,  Efqy 
Carleton  Hayward,  Efqy 
Col.  Thomas  Herbert. 

Francis  Haywood,  Efqy 
Thomas  Hill,  Efqy 

•ne  Reverend  Dr.  Hodges,  Provoft  9/ Oriel  CAUge  Oxford. 
Henry  Hoare,  Efq-, 

Richatd-Hoare,  Efqy 

Thomas  Strangways  Horner,  Efqy 

John  Hylton,  Efqy 

William  Handley,  Efqy 

Mr.  Samuel  Haynes, 

Mr.  Gittixd  Howard. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Vifetunt  Irwin. 

Sir  William  Irby,  Bart. 

5/r  Juftinian  Ilham,  Bart. 

The  Honourable  and  Reverend  Mr,  Ingrain, 

Captain  Thomas  James. 

CAonel  Charles  Ingram. 


S U B S C R 

"His  Xirace  the  Duke  of  Kent. 

Sir  Jbhn  Lifter  Kaye,  Bart. 

Edward  Kinafton,  Efq-, 

Thomas  King,  Ef^ 

His  Crac-e-tbe  Duke  of  Leeds. 

ithe  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Litchfield. 

ithe. Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Lovell. 

L'he  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bijhop  of  Landaff. 

Lhe  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Chief  JuJlice  Lee. 

Sir  Darcy  Lever,  Knt.  LL.  D. 

Lancelot  Charles  Lake,  Efq-, 

John  Lethieullier,  Efq-, 

George  Liddell,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Lifter,  Efq-, 

Mr.  Charles  Lowth. 

Hts  Grace  the  Duke  of  Marlborough. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Montague. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Manchefter. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Macclesfield.  . 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Malton. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Monfon. 

Sir  John  Morgan,  Bart. 

Sir  William  Morris,  Bart.  2 Setts. 

J.  R.  Madan,  E^-, 

Pierce  Manaton,  M.  D.  of  Oxford. 

Benjamin  Martyn,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Mafter,  Efq-, 

Thomas  May,  Efq-, 

Richard  Mea^  M.  D. 

Philip  Mercier,  Efq-,  2 Setts. 

Richard  Mitchell,  Efq-, 

John  Machell,  Efq-, 

— Maule,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Morgan,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Moftyn,  Efq-, 

Mr.  Solomon  Merrett. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  2 Setts. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Newcaftle. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Northampton. 

Sir  Michael  Newton,  Bart. 

The  Honourable  James  Noel,  Efq-, 

George  Noyes,  Efq-, 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Orrery. 

The  Right  Reverend  the  Ljird  Bithop  of  Ofery. 

The  Right  Honourable  Arthur  Onflow,  Efq-,  Speaker  of  tbs  H.  of  Commons. 
Ge»«ra/ James  Oglethorpe. 

Nathanael  Oldham,  Efq-, 

Leak  Okeover,  Efq-, 

Samuel  Ongley,  Efq-, 

William  Olbaldefton,  Efqi 
Jonathan  Oldham,  Painter, 

Mr,  Edward  Oakley. 

In  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford  the  following  Libraries, 

Chrift-Church  College. 

Trinity  College. 

All-Souls  CMege. 

Jefns  College, 

Wadham  College, 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Portland. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

The  Right  Honourable  Micajah  Perry,  Efq-,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 

The  Honourable  Mr.  Juftice  Probyn. 

5j><Erafmus  Philipps,  Bart. 

The  Honourable  Henry  Pelham,  Efq-,, 

The  Honourable  Ste.piitn  Poyntz,  Efq\ 

Charles  Palmer,  Efq-, 

Humphry  Parfons,  Efq-,  Alderman  of  l.ondon. 

Thomas  Pitt,  Efq-, 

John  Plumptree,  Ekq-, 

David  Polhill,  Efq-, 

Arthur  Pollard,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Potter,  Efq-, 

Richard  Powys,  Efq-, 

Newdigate  Poyntz,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Prowfe,  Efq-, 

Mr.  John  Perkins. 

Mr.  William  Pate,  Woollen-Draper. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Queenlbsrry. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  Lenox,  and  Aubigny,  2 Setts. 
His.Grace  the  Duke  of  Rutland. 


NAMES 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Petre. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Sherard  Manners. 

The  Honourable  Sir  John  Eyles,  Bart.  Pojimajler  General. 

Papillion  Ball,  Efq-, 

John  Carew,  Efq-, 


I B E R S. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Rockinghanu 
The  Right  Honourable  the  Eqrl  of  Rochford. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Romney. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Raymond. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Chief  Baron  Reynolds. 

Geard.  Andrew  Reibhe,  Efq-,  2 Setts, 

Richard  Rawlinfon,  LL.  D,  R.  S.  S, 

Francis  Reynolds,  Efq-, 

William  Robinfon,  Efq, 

Mr.  John  Rocque. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Sufiblk. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Shaftlbury. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Scarborough. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  f,arl  of  Strafibrd. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  Stanhope. 

The  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bijhop  of  Sarum. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Charles  Noel  Somerfet. 

Sir  Jer.  Vanacker  Sambrooke,  Bart. 

Sir  William  Sinderfon,  Bart. 

Sir  Brownlow  Sherard,  Bart. 

Sir  Hans  S]oane,  Bart. 

Sir  William  Stapleton,  Bart. 

The  Honourable  Edward  Southwell,  Efq;, 

The  Honourable  John  Spencer,  Efq-, 

Samuel  Sandys,  Efq-, 

The  Reverend  Mr.  Archdeacon  Sayer. 

Charles  Savage,  Efq-, 

John  Sawbridge,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Scawen,  Efq-, 

Gervaife  Scroope,  Efq-, 

John  Selwyn,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Sergifon,  Efq-, 

Edward  Seymour,  Efq-, 

Peter  Shakerley,  Efq-, 

The  Honourable  John  Sherard,  Efq-, 

Powell  Snell,  Efq-, 

The  Reverend  Dr.  Shlppen,  Principal  ^Brafen-Nofe  College,  Oxford. 
Uriah  Shudal,  Efq-, 

Richard  Shuttleworth,  Efq-, 

Theodore  Smith,  Efq-, 

Robert  Smith,  Efq-, 

James  Sotheby,  Efq-, 

Paulec  St.  John,  Efq-, 

Mr.  Charles- Scriven. 

Mr.  Symonds,  Bookfeller. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Ea-rl  of  Tankerville. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Thomond, 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  l^fcount  Torrington. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Vifcount  Tyrconriel. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Talbot. 

The  Right  Honourable  and  Reverend  Richard  Trevor,  D.  D, 

John  Talbot,  Efq-, 

John  Tcmpeft,  Efq-, 

The  Honourable  John  Temple,  Efq\ 

The  Reverend  Dr.  ThlMet'mi'jK,  Warden  of  'El ^ds\a.XR  College,  Oxon. 
Edward  Thompfon,  Efq-, 

Robert  Trefufis,  Efq-, 

Cholmly  Turner,  Efq-, 

William  Vaughan,  Efq-, 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Warwick  and  Holland. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Warrington,  4 Setts. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  Waldegrave. 

The  Right  Honourable  ihe  Earl  of  Wilmington. 

The  Right  Honourable  Sir  Robert  Walpole. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Chief  Juftice  Willes. 

Sir  Thomas  Webfter,  Bart. 

Sir  Thomas  Wheate,  Bart. 

William  Wyndham,  Bart. 

Sir  George  Wynne,  Bart., 

Sir  Charles  'Eluger,  Knt. 

Sir  George  Walter,  Knt. 

Edward  Walpole,  Efq-, 

James  Weft,  Efq-,, 

Francis  Whitworth,  Efq 
Lawrence  Williams,  Efq-, 

Charles  Hanbury  Williams,  Efq-, 

Watkins  Williams  Wynn,  Efq-, 

William  Wilmer.^; 

Mr.  John  Williams. 

Mr.  Timothy  Wyld. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  John  Wyatt,  Mafter  of  Felfted  SfiEios/,  in  Eflex 
^The  Right -Honourable  Sir  Yonge,  Bart. 


MITTED. 

Mr.  Thomas  Hyam,  Merchant. 
Mr.  Andrews  Jelfe. 

Charles  Peers,  Efq-, 

William  Roope, 


to 


A N 

ACCOUNT 

OF  THE 

SPANISH  INVASION 

In  the  Year  mdlxxxviii. 


The  Defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada 
being  the  moft  glorious  Vi<ftory  that 
was  ever  obtained  at  Sea,  and  the 
moft  important  to  the  Britijh  Nation,  every 
Method  deferves  fome  Praife,  that  may  in  a 
(uitable  Manner  propagate  the  Memory  of  it. 
Our  Anceftors,  that  were  perfonally  interefted 
in  it,  were  lb  careful  it  Ihotild  iwt  pals  into 
Oblivion,  that  they  procured  the  Engagements 
between  the  two  Fleets  to  be  reprelenied  in  ten 
curious  Pieces  of  Tapeftry,  with  the  Portraits 
of  the  feveral  Englijh  Captains,  taken  from  the 
Life,  worked  in  the  Borders,  which  are  now 
placed,  fome  in  the  Royal  Wardrobe,  Ibme  in 
the  Houfe  of  Lords,  the  moft  auguft  Aflembly 
of  the  Kingdom,  there  to  remain  as  a lafting 
Memorial  of  the  Triumphs  of  Britijh  Valour, 
guided  by  Britijh  Counfels.  But  becaule  Time, 
or  Accident,  or  Moths  may  deface  thele  valu- 
able Shadows,  we  have  endeavoured  to  pre- 
ferve  their  Likenels  in  the  preceding  Prints, 
which,  by  being  multiplied  .and  difperfed  in 
various  Hands,  may  meet  with  that  Secu- 
rity from  the  Clofets  of  the  Curious,  which 
the  Originals  muft  fcarce  always  hope  for, 
even  from  the  Sanctity  of  the  Place  they  are 
kept  in. 

Thus  far  we  have  been  able  to  go  mthin 
our  own  Province;  but  as  a more  particu- 
lar Detail  of  the  Circumftances  of  this  glo- 
rious Expedition,  which  lye  blended  in  our  Hi- 
ftories  with  other  Matters,  may  not  be  alto- 
gether unacceptable,  we  lhall  beg  Leave  to  of- 
fer the  following  brief  Account  of  it,  colle^Ied 


from  the  moft  authentic  Writers  and  Manu- 
Icripts. 

SECT  I. 

The  Author  and  Undertaker  of  this  ever 
memorable  Expedition  was  Philip  II. 
King  of  Spain^  eldeft  Son  of  the  renowned  Em- 
peror Charles  V.  In  the  Year  1554.  he  married 
Mary  I.  Queen  of  England^  with  a View  of  u- 
niting,  by  this  Marriage,  the  Englijh  Dominions 
to  thole  large  and  noble  Territories  of  which  he 
was  Heir-Apparent.  But  all  his  Projedls  were 
defeated  by  a Falle-Conception  the  C^een  had 
in  1555;  and  efpecially  by  her  Death,  which 
happened  on  Nofvemb.  17,  1558.  — In  1555, 
Oilober  25.  he  became  King  of  Spain ^ and  the 
Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging, 
upon  the  voluntary  Refignation  of  his  Father 
Charles  V. 

As  to  King  Philipps  real  Views  and  Motives 
in  this  Expedition,  they  feem  to  have  been 
thefe : 

I.  A firm  Hope  and  certain  Profpeft  as  he 
imagin’d,  of  eafily  acquiring  fo  confiderable  an 
Addition  to  his  Dominions,  as  the  flourilhing 
Kingdoms  of  England  and  Ireland.  Kingdoms 
whofe  Advantages  and  Excellencies  he  was  well 
acquainted  withal;  and  from  whence  he  could 
be  continually  fupplied  with  Tin,  Lead,  Wool, 
and  many  other  ufeful,  neceffary,  and  profita- 
ble Commodities. 

II,  He  was  alfo  excited  by  another  Motive, 
which  is  generally  fufficient  for  Conquerors; 

A and 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


and  it  was  this:  England  and  Ireland  ftood 
very  convenient  for  him,  as  being  near  his  Do- 
minions in  the  Low^ountries  j and  might,  by 
their  advantageous  Situation,  and  the  many 
good  Harbours  they  abound  with,  have  rende- 
red him  Matter  of  the  Trade  and  Navigation 
of  thefe  Northern  Parts  of  the  Worlds  and, 
what  is  more,  they  would  have  enabled  him  to 
carry  it  on  throughout  all  North  and  South- A- 
merica,  exclufively  of  all  others ; which  is  fuch 
an  Advantage  as  cannot  well  be  exprefled. 

III.  Moreover  thefe  Iflands  had  proved,  and 
might  always  prove  a grievous  Thorn  in  his 
Side.  For,  by  reafon  of  their  Situation,  the 
Englijh  could,  at  any  Time,  almott  totally  ob- 
ttrudl  the  Navigation  of  the  Netherlands^  and 
dettroy  all  their  Traffick  by  Sea.  Becaufe,  as 
it  mutt  unavoidably  be  carried  on  almott  with- 
in Sight  of  the  Britijh  Coatts,  fo  long  as  the 
Inhabitants  of  thofe  Iflands  remained  indepen- 
dent of  him .,  and  were  Matters  at  Sea,  they 
could  feize,  with  the  utmott  Eafe,  the  Shipping 
fent  from  the  Ports  of  Flanders  to  the  feveral 
Parts  of  the  World.  What  lay  therefore  fo 
convenient,  and  was  in  other  Hands  fo  dange- 
rous a Neighbour,  mutt  be  purchas’d  at  any 
Rate. 

IV.  Revenge  may  be  afligned  as  another 
Motive  of  this  Expedition,  (^een  Flizabeth 
had  affitted  all  along  the  States  of  the  United 
Provinces,  in  their  feveral  Attempts  to  (hake 
off  the  Spanijh  Yoke.  Now,  that  furely  was 
a very  great  Provocation : And  Forgivenels  of 
Injuries,  it  is  well  known,  was  then,  no  more 
than  at  prefent,  a Spaniard^  Virtue.  To  be 
revenged  therefore  of  fuch  a conttant  Enemy  as 
Elizabeth  had  been,  may  well  be  ttippos’d  to 
have  been  an  additional  Inducement  to  this  Un- 
dertaking. 

V.  This  other  important  Motive  is  alTigned 
by  HackluyV “ King  Philip  deemed  this  to 
“ be  the  mott  ready  and  dire£l:  Courfe,  to  re- 
‘‘  cover  his  hereditary  Pofleflion  , of  the  Low- 
“ Countries.  For,  having  with  little  Advan- 
“ tage,  for  above  twenty  Years  together,  waged 
“ War  againtt  the  Nether  lands  y after  mature 
“ Deliberation,  he  thought  it  mott  convenient 
“ to  aflault  them  once  more  by  Sea,  which  had 
“ been  fruitlefsly  attempted  feveral  Times  be- 
“ fore  for  want  of  fufficient  Forces.  And  he 
‘‘  thought  good  to  begin  with  England^  being 
“ perfuaded,  that  the  Conquett  of  that  Ifland 
“ was  lefs  difficult  than  the  Conquett  of  Hol- 
“ land  and  Zealand.  Moreover,  the  Spaniards 
“ were  of  Opinion,  that  it  would  be  far  more 

’ See  Grotii  Hift.  Ub.  i.  p.  1 17.  Fol.  ^ Vol.  I.  p,  59 1,  592. 


behoveful  for  their  King  to  conquer  England 
“ and  the  Low-Countries  at  once,  than  to  be 
“ conftrained  continually  to  maintain  a warlike 
“ Navy,  to  defend  his  Eafl  and  Wefl-India 
“ Fleets  from  the  EnglijhP 

Thefe  (with  a Defire  of  rettoring  the  Roman- 
Catholick  Religion)  feem  to  have  been  the  real 
and  true  Motives  of  this  great  Expedition. 

The  Reafons  alledged  by  Philip  were  thefe 

I.  That  Elizabeth  had,  from  the  firtt  aflitt- 
ed  his  rebellious  Subjedfs  in  the  Netherlands, 
with  Men  and  Money,  and  fpirited  them  up 
againtt  him,  her  greatett  Friend  and  Benefaffor; 
whom  fhe  was  indebted  to  for  her  Life,  when 
her  Sitter  Queen  Mary  and  Gardiner  were 
for  removing  her  out  of  the  Way. 

II.  Drake,  and  others  of  her  Subje<9:s,  had 
committed  feveral  Depredations  in  Spain  and 
America. 

III.  She  had  been  fo  unnatural  as  to  ttop 
his  Money,  when,  for  fear  of  Pirates,  it  had 
been  landed  in  her  Dominions ; and  had  put  an 
Embargo  on  the  Veflels  employed  to  carry  it 
to  the  Low-Countries:  (As  is  related  by  Cam- 
den, under  the  Year  1568.) 

IV.  She  had  acknowledged  his  Enemy  Don 
Antonio  King  of  Portugal,  and  armed  him  a- 
gainft  Spain. 

V.  That  it  was  by  her  Inttru6I:ion  and  Ad- 
vice the  Duke  of  Alenpon  had  been  crowned 
King  of  Brabant. 

VI.  And,  moreover,  fhe  herfelf  had  accept- 
ed the  Sovereignty  of  the  Low-Countries,  and 
font  the  Earl  of  Leicejler  thither  with  confider- 
able  Forces  5 which  was  an  open  Declaration 
of  War. 

VII.  That  he  undertook  it,  to  revenue  the 
Death  of  the  innocent  Queen  of  Scots. 

VIII.  And  in  Compliance  with  the  Holy  Fa- 
ther Innocent  VIII.’s  earnett  Injunctions,  who 
ceafed  not  to  exhort  and  importune  him,  to  a- 
bolitti  Herefy  in  England,  and  replant  the  Ro- 
man-Catholick  Religion  there. 

In  fhort  therefore,  the  Aim  and  Defign  of 
the  King  of  Spain  in  this  great  Expedition,  was 
to  conquer  England,  in  order  to  come  more 
eafily  at  the  revolted  Netherlands,  and  facili- 
tate their  ReduCtion  to  his  Obedience  j as  alfb, 
for  the  Sake  of  fo  meritorious  an  AClion,  as 
the  bringing  this  Ifland  back  to  the  Catholick 
Religion:  And  to  be  revenged,  at  the  fame 
Time,  for  the  Dif^ace,  Contempt,  and  Difho- 
nour,  he  had,  at  feveral  Times,  received  from 

3 Strada  Dec.  II.  1.  9. 


the 


3 


SPANISH  ] 

Ae  Englijh  Nation  $ and  for  divers  others  real 
or  pretended  Injuries,  which  had  made  a deep 
Impreffion  on  his  proud  and  revengeful  Spirit. 

Animated  and  (purred  on  by  thefe  Motives, 
King  Philip  made  fuch  vaft  Preparations  for 
his  intended  Conqueft,  as  had  hardly  ever  been 
known  before  in  any  Age,  or  Nation : Whe- 
ther we  confider  the  Time  (pent  about  them; 
or  the  prodigious  Strength  and  Quantity  of  the 
Materials  of  all  Kinds  that  were  provided. 

As  for  the  Time  (pent  about  tiiefe  Prepara- 
tions ; King  Philip  feems  to  have  form’d  this 
Defign  as  early  as  the  Year  1583.  + For,  in 

that  Year,  he  ordered  Alexander  Duke  of 
Parma,  Governor  of  the  L/m- Countries,  to 
procure  an  exa<9:  Account  and  Defcription  of 
the  Harbours,  Caftles,  Rivers,  and  Roads  be- 
longing to  Kngland,  and  tranlinit  them  to  him ; 
which  was  accordingly  done;  And  in  this 
Francis  Ihrockmorton  appears  to  have  been 
concerned.  But,  according  to  Rapin,  ^ this 
Project  was  formed  by  Philip  only  from  the 
Time  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  had  been  perfua- 
ded  to  convey  to  him  her  Right  to  England, 
as  being  the  only  Means  to  reftore  the  Ci/- 
tholick  Religion  ^ : According  to  the  received 
Maxim  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  That  an  He- 
retick  is  unworthy  and  incapable  of  enjoying  a 
Crown ; Philip  thought  he  might  juftly  claim 
that  of  England,  as  being  the  next  Catholick 
Prince  defcended  from  the  Houfe  of  Lancafler-, 
namely,  from  Catharine  Daughter  of  yohn  of 
Ghent  Duke  of  Lane  after,  married  in  1389  to 
Henry,  then  Prince,  and  afterwards  King,  of 
Caftile.  Upon  this  Defcent  therefore,  and  the 
Queen  of  Scots  Conveyance  and  Will,  he  had 
projedfed  the  Conqueft  of  England. 

However  it  be,  or  whenever  thefe  Prepara- 
tions were  begun,  it  is  certain  that  King  Philip 
aflembled  fo  powerful  a Fleet,  and  fo  well  fur- 
nifhed  with  all  kinds  of  Provifions  and  Am- 
munition, that,  thinking  it  unconquerable  by 
human  Power,  he  gave,  it  the  Title  of  the 
Invincible  Armada. 

^ This  Fleet  conlifted  of  one  hundred  and 
thirty  two  Ships,  (befides  twenty  Caravels  for 

♦ Strada,  Dec.  ii.  1.  9.  s Vol.  II.  p.  135. 

* Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  the  Day  before  ftie  fuffer’d  Death,  did 
under  her  own  Hand  in  the  French  Tongue,  declare,  “ That  her 
“ Son  James  (hould  not  inherit  England,  if  he  remained  a Proteftant, 

" but  that  the  Right  of  the  Kingdom  fhould  be  tranflated  to  Philip 
“ King  of  Spain.”  Rug.  Fritonii  Fita  Fin.  Laurei  Cardin. 

7 This  Account  is  according  to  the  Lifts  below.  But  it  will  be 
proper  to  obferve,  that  Authors  do  very  much  diSer  in  their  Ac- 
counts of  this  Armada,  and  the  (everal  things  belonging  to  it.  Ac- 
cording io  'l'buanus,  it  confifted  of  150  Ships  of  all  Sorts;  140  fays 
Grotius-,  J30  Camden  and  Strype-,  135  Strada\  128  Speed-,  150 
Hakluyt-,  160  others,  &c.  — Tons  57868,  Spanijh  Book,  Hakluyt, 
Purebas. — Cannons  ib^o.  Hakluyt.  ‘Tbuanus  (i6oo  of  Brafs,  and 
J050  of  Iron.)  2630.  Camden.  — - Sailor  8450  Spanijh  Books,  8009 


NVASION. 

the  Service  of  the  Army,  and  ten  Salves  with 
fix  Oars  apiece,)  containing  fifty  nine  thoufand 
one  hundred,  and  twenty  Tons ; three  thoufand, 
one  hundred,  and  fixty  five  Cannons;  eight 
thoufand,  feven  hundred,  and  fixty  fix  Sailors ; 
two  thoufand  and  eighty  eight  Galley-Slaves, 
and  twenty  one  thoufand,  eight  hundred,  and 
fifty  five  Soldiers ; befides  Noblemen  and  Vo- 
luntiers  For  there  was  not  a Family  in  Spain 
of  any  Note,  but  what  had  a Son,  a Brother, 
or  a Kinfman  in  the  Fleet’.  Of  thefe  Volun- 
tiers  there  were  two  hundred  and  twenty  four ; 
attended  by  four  hundred  and  fifty  fix  Ser- 
vants bearing  Arms. 

There  were  alfo  two  hundred  and  thirty 
eight  Gentlemen  more,  maintained  by  the 
King;  with  one  hundred  and  fixty  three  Ser- 
vants. An  hundred  and  feventy  feven  Perfons, 
with  two  Engineers,  one  Phyfician,  one  Sur- 
geon, and  thirty  Servants  belonging  to  the  Ar- 
tillery; eighty  five  Phyficians  and  Surgeons 
for  the  Hofpital-Ships ; three  and  twenty  Gen- 
tlemen belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Medina- 
Sidonia's  Court,  and  fifty  Servants ; feventeen 
Superintendants  General  of  the  Army;  and 
one  hundred  Servants  more,  belonging  to  them, 
or  to  the  Officers  of  Juftice,  who  were  twenty 
in  Number 

Nay  even  there  were  in  it  one  hundred  and 
eighty  Capuchins,  Dominicans,  Jefuits,  and 
Mendicant  Friars ; with  Martin  Alarco,  Vicar 
of  the  Inquifition. 

And  becaufe  none  were  allowed  to  have 
Wives  or  Concubines  on  board,  fome  Women 
had  hired  Ships  to  follow  the  Fleet;  two  or 
three  of  which  Ships  were  driven  by  the  Storni 
on  the  Coaft  of  France  ". 

Moft  of  the  Ships  of  this  Armada  were 
of  an  uncommon  Size,  Strength,  and  Thick- 
nefs,  more  like  floating  Caftles  than  any  thing 
elfe ; and  they  were  cafed  above  Water  with 
thick  Planks  to  hinder  the  Cannon-Balls  from 
piercing  their  Sides.  The  Mafts  alfo  were 
braced  round  with  ftrong  pitched  Ropes,  to 
fave  them  from  being  foon  fhatter’d  or  broke 
by  the  Shot. 

Jhuanus,  8350  Camden,  7449  Strada.  — Soldiers,  20000  ^huanui 
and  Stow,  19295  Spanijh  Book,  19290  Camden,  18857  i^trada. 

* Thuanus,  lib.  89. 

» Difeourfe  of  the  Armada  by  D.  Archdeacon,  being  a Tranfla- 
tion  of  the  Spanijh  Account,  Land.  1588.  Lediard'%  Naval  Hiftory, 
p.  234,  efc. 

According  to  Strada  there  were  220  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen, 
354  Voluntiers:  Their  Servants  624;  Priefts,  Surgeons,  and  other 
Otficers,  and  Servants  669.  Decas  ii.  lib.  9. 

•'  Thuanus,  lib.  89. 

**  Being  the  chofen  VelTels  of  all  K.  Philip'^  Dominions,  excellive 
monftrous,  beyond  all  the  Navies  that  ever  had  been  feen  in  Cbri- 
Jicndom.  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p.  16. 


Then 


4 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


Then  as  to  Ammunition,  this  Fleet  had 
a very  great  Number  of  Cannons,  double  Can- 
nons, Culverins,  and  Field-Pieces  for  Land- 
Service  5 feven  thoufand  Mulkets  and  Calie- 
vers ; ten  thoufand  Halberts  and  Partizans ; 
one  hundred  and  twenty  thoufand  Cannon- 
Balls  ; one  hundred  Quintals  of  Lead  for 
Bullets  (each  Quintal  being  a hundred  weight,) 
twelve  thoufand  Quintals  of  Match ; fifty  fix 
thoufand  Quintals  of  Gunpowder  j and  alfo. 
Waggons,  and  other  Carriages  5 Horfes,  Mules, 
and  other  Inftruments  and  Neceffaries  for  Con- 
veyance by  Land ; Torches,  Lanthorns,  Can- 
vas, Hides,  Lead  ; Chains,  Whips,  Butcher- 
ing-Knives,  Halters,  and  other  Inftruments  of 
Death  and  Slavery  ; and  Spades,  Mattocks, 
Bafkets,  and  every  thing  elfe  requifite  for  Pio- 
neers Work  ; as  alfo  eight  hundred  Mules  for 
drawing  the  Ordnance  and  Carriages. 

Proportionable  to  thefe  Forces  was  their  great 
Store  of  Provifions  of  every  Sort : for,  be- 
fides  Raifins  in  great  abundance,  they  had 
eight  thoufand  Quintals  of  Fifh;  three  thou- 
fand Quintals  of  Rice;  fix  thoufand  three 
hundred  and  twenty  '^Septiers  of  Beans,  Peafe, 
^c.  eleven  thoufand  three  hundred  and  nine- 
ty eight  Pounds  of  Olive-Oyl ; thirty  three 
thoufand  eight  hundred  and  feventy  Meafures 
of  Vinegar ; ninety  fix  thoufand  Quintals  of 
Bifcuit ; three  thoufand  four  hundred  and  fifty 
eight  Quintals  of  Goats  Cheefe  ; fix  thoufand 
five  hundred  Quintals  of  Bacon ; one  hundred 
and  forty  feven  thoufand  Pipes  of  Wine ; 
twelve  thoufand  Pipes  of  Water,  ^c. — Pro- 
vifions in  a word  they  had  for  fix  Months ; 
and  fo  well  fiirnifhed  were  they,  that  Sir  Fran- 
cis Drake  obferves,  in  a Letter  of  his,  they 
had  Provifions  of  Bread  and  Wine  fufficient 
to  maintain  forty  thoufand  Men  for  a whole 
Year. 

The  whole  Fleet,  in  general,  is  faid  to 
have  contained  thirty  two  thoufand  Perfons,  and 
coft  every  Day  thirty  thoufand  Ducats 

The  General  of  the  Land  Forces,  and  the 
Commander  in  Chief  in  the  whole  Expedition, 
was  Don  Alfonfo  Perez  de  Guzman^  Duke  of 
Medina  Sidonia ; and  the  Admiral  was  Don 
yuan  Martitiez  de  Recalde. 

But  it  was  not  in  Spain  only,  that  fuch 
great  Preparations  were  carrying  on,  for  the 

'3  Dlfcourfe  of  the  Armada  by  D.  Archdeacon,  T'huanus,  Ledi- 
ard,  Hakluyt,  Purchas,  &c. 

1200,000,  Thitan.  20,200  Harris,  220,000  Speed,  119,000 
Spanijb  Book. 

's  Laquei  certe,  plura  necis  injlrumenta,  aut  fervitutis  inter 
fpolia  vijitata  funt.  Grotii  Hilt.  p.  n8.  See  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza, 
in  the  Pojlcript,  p.  37. 

Dlfcourfe  of  the  Armada,  6fc.  Tiuanus,  Lediard,  &c. 


Invafion  of  England.  For,  Alexander  Duke 
of  Parma  was  alfo  making  on  his  Side  prodi- 
gious and  amazing  Preparations,  to  aflift  in  this 
grand  Defign. 

He  gathered  together  out  of  Spain,  France, 
Savoy,  Italy,  Naples,  Sicily,  Germany,  and  e- 
ven  out  of  America,  a very  confiderable  and 
choice  Army;  confifting  of  about  forty  thou- 
fand Foot,  and  three  thoufand  Horfe ; out  of 
which  he  fele^led  thirty  thoufand  Foot,  and 
eighteen  hundred  Horfe,  that  were  to  be  ready 
to  pafs  into  England.  Thefe  Troops  were 
quarter’d  as  follows : Near  Nieuport  there 
lay  ready  thirty  Companies  of  Italians ; ten  of 
Walloons',  and  eight  of  Scots,  and  as  many  ot 
Burgundians : At  Dixmude  were  eighty  Com- 
panies of  Netherlander  S',  fixty  of  Spaniards', 
fixty  of  Germans',  and  above  feven  hundred 
fugitive  Englijh,  Scots,  and  Iri]h,  under  the 
Command  of  Sir  William  Stanley,  and  Charles 
Nevil  Earl  of  Weflmoreland.  There  were 
moreover  four  thoufand  Men  pofted  at  Cor- 
rick,  ancf  nihe  hundred  at  Watene. 

For  the  Tranfportation  of  thefe  Forces,  the 
Duke  of  Parma  prepar’d  Ships  at  Nieuport, 
Dunkirk,  Antwerp,  and  other  Places;  and 
caufed  fome  new  ones  to  be  built  with  fuch 
Expedition,  that  they  feem’d,  as  Strada  ex- 
prefles  it,  to  be  transform’d  in  a Moment, 
from  Trees  into  Ships. 

More  particularly  ; In  the  River  of  JVat- 
ten  he  caufed  feventy  flat-bottom’d  Boats  to  be 
built,  each  of  which  could  carry  thirty  Horfes ; 
and  to  each  of  them  were  Bridges  fitted  for  the 
convenient  Shipping,  or  Landing  of  the  Horf^. 
There  were  in  moft  of  them,  two  Ovens  for 
baking  Bread,  with  a great  Quantity  of  Sad- 
dles, Bridles,  Hamefs,  and  a good  Number  of 
Draught-Horfes,  to  draw  the  Engines,  Can- 
nons, and  other  Ammunition,  after  the  Spa- 
niards fliould  be  landed.  Of  the  fame  Form 
he  had  provided  two  hundred  other  Veffels  at 
Nieuport,  but  not  fo  large.  And  at  Dunkirk 
he  had  aflembled  thirty  eight  Men  of  War ; 
for  the  navigating  of  which,  he  had  hired  Sai- 
lors from  Bremen,  Hamburgh,  Emden,  and 
Genoa.  In  their  Ballaft  he  had  put  a great 
Quantity  of  Beams,  or  thick  PJanks,  ftiarpned 
at  the  Ends,  and  covered  with  Iron ; but  full 
of  Clafps  and  Hooks  on  the  Sides,  that  they 

33  A Septier  is  twelve  Bulhels. 

•*  Strype's  Annals,  tom.  iii.  p.  451.  '9  Hakluyt,  vol.  I.  p.  593. 

And,  as  Thuanus  computes  it,  before  it  failed  from  Lijbon,  it 
had  Hood  K.  Philip  in  Centies  vicies  centena  mitlia  aureorum,  lib.  89. 
above  two  Millions. 

*•  Strada  Dec.  II.  1.  9.  **  Hakluyt,  Speed's  Chron. 

*>  Deead.  1.  II.  p.  9.  Thuan.  lib.  89.  Hakluyt  and  Purchas. 

might 


SPANISH  INVASION. 


might  he  eafily  joined  together.  At  Gravelings 
he  had  provided  twenty  thoufand  Gaiks,  which 
might  in  a ftiort  Time  be  fattened  together 
with  Nails  and  Cords,  and  reduced  into  the 
Form  of  a Bridge.  Whatever,  in  a Word,  was 
neceflary  for  making  Bridges,  or  for  choaking 
up  the  Mouths  of  Havens  and  Rivers,  was  by 
him  got  in  readinefs.  And  he  had  even  cau- 
(ed  a great  Pile  of  wooden  Faggots  to  be  laid 
near  Nieuports  for  ere^ing  a Mount  or  Ram- 
part. Whiltt  he  was  thus  furniftiing  himfelf 
with  all  proper  Veflels  and  other  Neceflaries, 
he  cauied  the  {hallow  and  fandy  Places  of  Ri- 
vers to  be  cleared  j and  had  deep  Channels  cut 
in  proper  Places,  from  Ghent  to  TJendyck, 
Sluys,  and  Nieuporty  on  purpofe  to  convey  the 
Ships  built  at  Antwerp^  Ghent , ^c.  into  the 
Sea.  Finally,  he  aflembled  at  Bruges  above 
one  hundred  Hoys  loaden  with  Provilions, 
which  he  deiigned  to  bring  into  the  Ports  of 
Flanders s either  by  the  Way  of  SluySy  or 
through  the  forementioned  Channels. 

The  Duke  of  Guife  had  alfo  twelve  thou- 
iand  Men  on  the  Coatt  of  Normandy ^ ready 
to  land  in  the  Wett  of  England  as  loon  as 
the  SpanishArmada  had  enter’d  the  Chan- 
nel 5 but  the  Spaniards  coming  two  Months 
later  than  they  intended,  (or  for  fome  other 
Realbns)  the  Duke  difmilTed  his  Forces  about 
the  End  of  yune. 

And  that  this  famous  Expedition  might  be 
fupported  with  ipiritual  as  well  as  temporal 
W^eapons  Pope  Sixtus  V created  William 
AlleUy  a feditious  Englijh  Priett,  Cardinal ; and 
lent  him  as  his  Legate  into  the  Low-Countries ^ 
with  a Bull ; wherein,  after  enumerating  the 
feveral  Caufes  of  Complaint  the  See  of  Rome 
had  againft  Queen  Elizabeth,  (namely  her  fup- 
prclDng  the  Catholic  Reli^on,  her  putting  the 
Queen  of  Scots  to  Death,  ^c.)  he  renewed 
and  confirmed  the  Sentence  of  Excommunica« 
tion  pronounced  againtt  her  by  his  Predeceflbrs 
Pius  V and  Gregory  XIII,  deprived  her,  as 
illegitimate,  and  an  Ufurper,  from  all  Princely 
Dignity,  and  Dominion  over  the  Kingdoms  of 
England  and  Ireland's  abfolved  her  Subjedfs 
from  their  Allegiance ; and  ttriftly  enjoined 
them,  upon  Pain  of  God  Almighty’s  Difplea- 
fure,  not  to  lend  her  any  Help  or  AlTittance, 
but  to  join  the  Spanijh  Army,  and  the  Duke 
of  P armors  Forces,  as  foon  as  they  Ihould  be 
landed:  Promifing  withal  a plenary  Indul- 
gence and  the  Pardon  of  all  their  Sins,  to  as 

*5  Stow,  p.  746.  Thuan,  1.  89. 

»7  Welwood'%  Memoirs,  p!  8,  9.  Camden,  Thuanus,  i.  89. 


many  as  would  engage  in  fo  laudable  an  Un- 
dertaking. 

Such  were  the  extraordinary  Preparations 
made  by  the  Spaniards  for  invading  England. 
Preparations  fo  great  and  fo  dreadful,  that  all 
Europe  was  alarmed  at  them.  Mott  Sovereigns 
expe£fed  for  fome  Time,  with  the  utmott  Hor- 
ror and  Attonllhment,  where  the  threatening 
Storm,  which  had  been  fb  long  gathering, 
would  at  latt  fall.  But  this,  though  kept  as 
a great  Secret,  did  not  long  elcape  the  great 
Sir  Francis  Walfmgham\  Sagacity.  He  had 
Intelligence  from  Madrid^  that  King  Philip 
had  told  his  Council,  he  had  difpatched  an  Ex- 
prefs  to  Rome  with  a Letter  writ  with  his  own 
Hand  to  the  Pope,  acquainting  him  with  the 
true  Defign  of  his  Preparations,  and  afking  his 
Blefling  upon  it;  which  for  fome  Reafons  he 
would  not  yet  difclofe  to  them,  ’till  die  Return 
of  the  Courier.  The  Secret  being  thus  lodg’d 
with  the  Pope,  Waljinghamy  by  the  means  of 
a Venetian  Priett  retain’d  at  Rome  as  his  Spy, 
got  a Copy  of  the  original  Letter,  which  was 
ftolen  out  of  the  Pope’s  Cabinet  by  a Gende- 
man  of  the  Bed-Chamber,  who  took  the  Keys 
out  of  the  Pope’s  Pocket  whiltt  he  flept.  Up- 
on this  Intelligence  Wdlfmgham  found  a Way 
to  retard  the  Spanijh  Invafion  for  a whole 
Year,  by  getting  the  Spanijh  Bills  protefted  at 
Genoay  which  Ihould  have  fupplied  them  with 
Money  to  carry  on  their  Preparations. 

Queen  Elizabeth,  it  may  well  be  llippofed, 
could  not  help  being  extrernely  anxious  about 
the  IfTue  of  the  great  and  dreadful  Preparations 
that  were  going  on,  to  deprive  her  of  her 
Crown  and  Dignity,  and  perhaps  of  her *  **  Life. 
This  inclined  her  more  readily  to  embrace 
fome  Overtures  of  Peace,  made  to  her  by  the 
Spaniard  i But  it  being  foon  found  out  that 
they  were  intended  only  to  lull  her  afleep,  and 
induce  her,  by  depending  upon  a Peace,  to  be 
carelefs  of  her  own  Defence ; and  moreover, 
Henry  III  King  of  France  fending  her  Word, 

ftie  Ought  to  ftand  upon  her  Guard ; fhe  did 
not  therefore  rely  much  on  the  Negociations 
in  hand,  but  took  all  proper  Meafures  for  fe- 
curing  herfelf^  and  protedling  her  Dominions. 

Her  Situation  was  indeed  very  melancholy, 
and  her  Fears  well  grounded : For  fhe  was 
without  fb  much  as  one  Ally  abroad,  except 
the  United-Provinces,  which  themfelves  wanted 
Affittance;  and  at  home  fhe  had  a fadlious  and 

*9  confilio,  ut  Regina,  oh  colloquium  pacts  de  defenfione fecura,  fa- 
cilius  opprimeretur : quam  tamen  ilia  minime  ncglexif.  Thuan.  1. 89. 

3"^  Grotius,  p.  119.  Hakluyt  vol.  i.  p.  595. 

B difcon- 


6 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


difcontented  Party,  ready  to  join  with  the  En- 
emy : But,  by  the-  Affiftance  of  Heaven,  by 
her  good  Management,  and  the  lincere  Affe- 
6tion  of  the  Generality  of  her  People,  fhe  fur- 
mounted  all  Difficulties,  and  came  off  Con- 
queror. 

When  fhe  was  fure  the  Spaniards  Prepa- 
rations were  defign’d  againft  her,  that  fhe  might 
not  be  taken  unprovided,  fhe  fitted  out  as  ftrong 
a Fleet  as  fhe  poffibly  could ; and  herein  fo 
great  was  the  Diligence  of  her  Subjects,  that 
■diough  her  Preparations  were  begun  but  about 
the  of  November  yet  her  Fleet  was 

ready  to  put  to  Sea  by  the  2,0**^  of  December 
the  fame  Year. 

Charles  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham,  High 
Admiral  of  England,  a Perfon  of  great  Pru- 
dence and  Bravery,  was  appointed  Commander 
in  Chief  of  this  whole  Fleet.  His  Inftru6Hons 
were.  To  repair  to  the  Weft  ward,  in  conjun- 
£hon  with  Sir  Francis  Drake  Vice-Admiral, 
and  Captain  yohn  Hawkins,  and  Captain  Mar~ 
tin  Frobijher  Rear-Admirals:  At  the  fame 
Time,  the  Lord  Henry  Seymour,  fecond  Son 
of  the  late  Duke  of  Somerfet,  had  Orders  to 
lye  on  the  Coaft  of  Flanders,  with  forty  Eng- 
lijh  and  Dutch  Ships  (the  latter  under  the 
Command  of  yuftin  of  Naffiau,  Admiral  of 
Zealand)  to  prevent  the  Duke  of  Parmd*s  put- 
ting out  to  l^a  with  his  Forces. 

For  Land  Service,  there  were  difpofed  along 
the  Southern  Coafts  of  England  twenty  thou- 
fand  Men.  Belides  which,  two  Armies  were 
raifed  of  choice,  well-difciplin’d,  and  experien- 
ced Men ; one  (under  the  Command  of  Ro^ 
bert  Dudley  Earl  of  Leicefler,  confifting  of 
one  thoufand  Horfe,  and  twenty  two  thoufand 
Foot,)  was  encamped  at  Tilbury,  near  the 
Thames  Mouth,  for  the  Safeguard  of  the  City 
of  London ; becaufe  it  was  given  out  that  the 
Spaniards,  after  having  joined  the  Duke  of 
Parma,  intended  to  come  up  the  Thames, 
in  order  to  make  themfelves  Mafters  of  the 
Metropolis  of  the  Kingdom.  The  other  Army, 
under  the  Command  of  Henry  Carey  Lord 
Hunfdon,  confifted  of  thirty  four  thoufand 
Foot,  and  two  thoufand  Horfe,  and  was  defti- 
ned  to  guard  the  Queen’s  Perfon. 

Arthur  Lord  Grey,  Sir  Francis  KnolleSy 
Sir  yohn  Norris,  Sir  Richard  Bingham,  and 
Sir  Roger  Williams,  Knights,  and  excellent 
Soldiers,  were  chofen  to  coniult  about  the  beft 
Way  of  managing  the  War  at  Land.  After 
mature  Deliberation,  they  thought  lit  that  the 

3>  Cotton  MSS.  3*  Camden. 


moft  convenient  Landing-Places  for  the  Enemy, 
as  well  out  of  Spain  as  out  of  the  Low-Coun- 
tries, Ihould  be  well  mann’d  and  fortify’d,  name- 
ly Milford-Haven,  Falmouth,  Plymouth,  Port- 
land, the  Ifle  of  Wight,  Portfmouth,  the  open 
Coaft  of  Kent  called  the  Downs,  the  Thames 
Mouth,  Harwich,  Yarmouth,  Hull,  ^^c,  that 
the  Train’d  Bands,  all  along  the  Maritime 
Counties,  Ihould  meet  in  Arms  upon  a Si^al 
given,  to  defend  the  faid  Ports,  and  do  their 
beft  to  prevent  the  Ekiemy’s  landing;  and,  in 
Cafe  of  their  landing,  that  they  Ihould  lay  all 
the  Country  wafte  round  about,  and  leave 
neither  Booty  nor  Forage  for  them ; that  they 
Ihould  annoy  them  Night  and  Day  with  con- 
tinual Alarms,  fo  as  to  give  them  no  Reft; 
but  not  venture  the  Hazard  of  a Battle,  ’till 
more  Commanders  with  their  Companies  Ihould 
come  up;  of  whom  one  in  every  Shire  was 
nominated  Chief. 

Moreover,  the  a£live  Queen,  in  order  to 
quicken  the  Zeal  and  Diligence  of  her  Sub- 
jects, efpecially  of  thofe  who  lay  near  the  Sea- 
Coafts,  caufed  Letters  to  be  font  to  the  chief 
of  them : Wherein,  after  putting  them  in  mind 
of  the  common  and  imminent  Danger  the 
whole  Nation  was  in,  ftie  told  them,  that  flie 
“ expected  on  this  extraordinary  Occalion,  a 
“ larger  Proportion  of  Furniture,  both  for 
“ Horfemen  and  Footmen;  diereby  to  be  in 
“ their  beft  Strength  againft  any  Attempt  what- 
“ foever,  tq  be  employed,  whether  about  her 
“ own  Perfon,  or  otherwife.  And  the  Num- 
“ ber  (he  required  them  to  fignily  to  her  Pri- 
“ vy-Council  She  required  moreover  the 
Nobility  in  the  feveral  Counties,  to  provide 
themfelves,  and  their  Servants  and  Dependants 
in  like  manner,  with  Horfes  and  Armour,  to 
be  ready  to  repair  upon  Summons  to  the  Queen, 
for  Defence  of  her  Perfon : And  to  this  Pur- 
pofe  Letters  were  addrefe’d  to  them  from  the 
Lords  of  the  Council,  by  her  Command. 

Such  were  the  Dire^ons  given.  And  ac- 
cordingly Cities,  Countries,  Towns,  and  Vil- 
lages, the  Cinque-Ports,  and  all  other  Havens 
of  England,  manifefted  as  great  Forwardnefe 
in  their  zealous  Love  and  Duty,  as  either  Sub- 
jects could  perform,  or  Prince  expe^.  The 
City  of  London,  in  particular,  being  requefted 
by  the  Privy-Council,  to  find  five  thoufend 
Men,  and  fifteen  Ships,  they  willingly  and 
cheerfully  fumiftied  thirty  Ships  provided  with 
all  Neceflaries,  and  ten  thoidand  able  Men, 
well  armed  and  trained ; befides  which,  they 

33  Sirype'i  Annals,  tom.  iii.  p.  516.  J*  Slvm  Chron.  p.  744. 

kept 


7 


SPANISH 

kept  in  readinefs  thirty  thoufand  Men  more, 
prepared  to  march  wherever  there  ftiould  be 
Occafion”;  and  alfo  lent  the  Queen  fifty 
one  thoufand  nine  hundred  Pounds,  in  ready 
Money, 

Then,  as  to  the  reft  of  the  Nation : As 
foon  as  it  was  reported  that  the  Queen  was 
come  near  London^  and  the  Spanijh  Fleet  ap- 
peared in  the  Channel,  the  greateft  Part  of 
the  Nobility,  except  thofe  that  were  obliged 
to  ftay  in  each  County  on  account  of  their 
Offices,  repaired  to  London,  to  preferve  the 
Queen’s  Perfonj  bringing  with  them  goodly 
Bands  of  Horfemen,  about  five  thoufand  in 
all,  and  maintainii^  them  at  their  own  Charge 
’till  the  Spanijh  Navy  was  known  to  be  paf- 
fed  beyond  Scotland:  Thefe  were  the  Lord 
Chancellor  Hatton,  the  Earls  of  Lincoln,  War- 
wick, Leicejler,  Ejffex,  Worcejler,  and  Here- 
ford j the  L^rd  Vifcount  Montacute  j the  Lords 
Burghley,  Compton,  Morley,  Rich,  Dacres, 
Windfor,  Audley,  Sandes,  Mor daunt,  Lumley, 
Mountjoy,  Stourton,  and  Darcy. 

In  a Word,  all  Perfons  throughout  Eng- 
land in  general,  unanimoufly  concurred  to  be 
ready  to  ferve  for  the  Defence  of  the  Queen 
and  Kingdom ’L-  In  this  there  was  no  Diffe- 
rence between  the  Catholic  and  the  Proteftant, 
but  herein  appeared  a perfect  Sympathy,  Con- 
courfe,  and  Confent  of  all  Sorts  of  Perfons, 
without  refpe(S  of  Religion.  By  this  hearty 
XeaX,  feconded  with  fuitable  Endeavours,  it 
came  to  pals,  that  fome  Counties  were  able  to 
bring  into  the  Field  twenty  thoufand,  and  o- 
thers  even  forty  thoufand  able  fighting  Men : 
The  Maritime  Counties,  in  particular,  on  the 
South  and  Eaft  of  England,  from  Cornwall 
to  Lincolnjhire,  were  fo  well  fumilhed  with  a 
ftout  and  well  regulated  Militia,  that  there 
was  no  Place  for  landing  foreign  Forces,  but 
within  eight  and  forty  Hours  there  coUld  re- 
fort to  that  Place  above  twenty  thoufand  fight- 
ing Men,  with  Ordnance  and  other  fuitable 
Provilions. 

And  that  the  Popilh  difcontented  Party  at 
home  might  neither  join  the  Enemy,  nor  fa- 
vour their  Defcent,  the  Queen  caufed  the  moft 

sj  S/ow’s  Survey,  Edit.  1720.  B,  i.  p.  283. 

Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p.  23,  24,  Sfc.  V Ibid,  p,  f>,  7,  8, 

3*  Camden,  39  Strada,  Dec,  ii,  lib.  9. 

Camden,  Rapin,  vol.  ii,  p.  136, 


INVASION. 

obnoxious  of  them  to  be  imprifoned  in  Wif 
bich-Cajlle  in  the  Ille  of  Ely. 

She  alfo  directed  Sir  William  Fitz-WilH- 
ams.  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland,  what  to  do, 
in  cafe  the  Enemy  Ihould  land  in  any  Part  of 
his  Government,  and  pointed  out  to  him  what 
Precautions  he  fhould  life  to  hinder  the  Irijh. 
from  rifing. 

There  remained  only  the  King  of  Scots,  of 
whom  Queen  Elizabeth  had  moft  Reafon  to 
be  afraid  5 lince  ftie  had  newly  given  him  an 
unpardonable  Provocation,  namely,  in  caufing 
his  Mother  to  be  publickly  beheaded,  who  was 
a Sovereign  Princefs,  independent  of  her.  This 
was  fufficient  to  difpofe  him,  out  of  a Princi- 
ple of  Revenge,  to  favour  the  Defcent  of  the 
Spaniards  in  one  Extremity  of  the  Kingdom, 
by  making  a Diverfion  in  the  other.  With 
that  View  he  had  been  tampered  with  by  the 
Duke  of  Parma,  and  had  received  from  him 
Offers  of  Affiftance  : But  the  politic  Queen 
fo  effectually  carefs’d  him,  made  him  fuch  ad- 
vantageous Propolals,  and  fo  plainly  convinc’d 
him,  that  the  Loft  oi  England  would  not  fail 
of  being  attended  with  that  of  Scotland  that 
he,  fenlible  of  the  common  Danger  wherewith 
he  was  threatened,  declar’d  the  Spaniards  E- 
nemies,  and  made  Preparations  againft  them 
with  great  Chearflilnefs  and  Alacrity : Giv- 
ing a ftriCt  Charge  upon  all  the  Sea-Coafts, 
that  the  Spaniards  fhould  not  be  fuffered  to 
land  in  any  Part,  but  that  the  EngliJJo  might 
land,  and  be  reliev’d  of  any  Wants;  He 
moreover  offer’d  Queen  Elizabeth  his  Forces, 
his  Perfon,  and  all  that  he  could  command, 
to  be  employed  againft  the  common  Enemy : 
And  he  humouroufly  obferv’d  upon  this  Oc- 
cafion'*’’,  Sthat  h^  looPd  for  no  other  Favour 
from  the  Spaniards,  than  what  Polyphemus  pro- 
mis'd Ulylfes,  that  he  Jhould  be  referv'd  for  the 
laji  Morfel. 

After  this  general  Account,  the  Reader  will 
undoubtedly  be  pleafed  to  fee  a particular 
Lift  of  the  Fleets  on  both  Sides,  which  I have 
accordingly  fubjoined  hereunto. 

♦'  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p.  30,  35. 

See  his  Letter  in  Rymer’s  Pcedera,  tom.  xvi.  p.  18. 

♦3  Camden. 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


s 


SECT.  ir. 

A complete  lift  of  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  called 
the  Invincible  Armada'. 

The  Squadron  of  Portuguefe  Galleons,  under  the 
particular  Command  of  the  Generaliffimo,  the  Duke 
of  Medina  Sidonia. 


Number  of 

Ships.  Burden  Tuns.  Guns.  Mariners.  Soldiers. 


The  St.  Martin,  Captain  Ge-T 
neral  of  all  the  Fleet,  J 

lOOO 

5° 

177 

300 

St.  ’John,  Admiral  General, 

1050 

50 

170 

231 

St.  Mark, 

792 

117 

292 

St.  Philip, 

800 

40 

1 17 

415 

St.  Lewis, 

830 

40 

1 16 

376 

St.  Matthew, 

7SO 

40 

50 

177 

St.  Jams, 

520 

30 

100 

300 

Galleon  of  Florence, 

961 

52 

100 

300 

St,  Chrijlopher, 

352 

30 

90 

300 

St.  Bernard, 

352 

30 

100 

280 

Zabra  Augujlq, 

166 

13 

55 

55 

Zabra  Julies, 

166 

14 

SO 

60 

7739 

389 

1242 

3086 

The  Fleet  of  Bifcay,  commanded  by  Don  Juan  Mar- 
tinez DE  Recalde,  Captain  General. 


St.  Am,  Admiral, 

768 

30 

1 14 

323 

Grangrina,  Admiral, 

1 160 

36 

100 

300 

St.  James, 

660 

30 

102 

2JO 

Conception  of  Zubelzu, 

468 

20 

70 

100 

Conception  of  Juan  del  Cavo, 

418 

■24 

70 

164 

Magdalena  de  Juan  Francefco  7 
d jdyala,  J 

330 

22 

70 

200 

St.  John, 

350 

24 

So 

130 

Mary, 

165 

24 

100 

180 

Manuel, 

520 

16 

54 

130 

St.  Mary  de  Monte  Majore, 

707 

30 

50 

220 

Mary  of  Aguiar  e. 

70 

•10 

23 

30 

Ifabella, 

71 

12 

23 

30 

Michael  de  Sufa, 

96 

12 

24 

30 

St.  Stephen, 

78 

12 

26 

30 

5861 

302 

906 

2117 

The  Fleet  of  Caftile,  commanded  by  Don  Dieg 

0 

0 

REZ  DE  Valdez, 

General. 

The  St.  Chrijlopher  Galleon,  ? 
General,  J 

700 

40 

120 

205 

St.  John  Baptiji  Galleon, 

750 

30 

140 

250 

St.  Peter  Galleon, 

530 

40 

140 

130 

St.  John  Galleon, 

530 

30 

120 

170 

St.  James  the  Great  Galleon, 

530 

30 

132 

230 

St.  Philip  and  St.  James  Galleon, 

530 

30 

116 

IS9 

Afcenfon  Galleon, 

530 

30 

1 14 

220 

Galleon  of  our  Lady  del  Barrio, 

130 

30 

108 

170 

Galleon  of  St.  Medel  and  Celedon, 

530 

30 

no 

170 

St.  Anne  Galleon, 

250 

24 

80 

100 

Ship,  Our  Lord  of  Vigonia, 

750 

30 

130 

190 

Trinity, 

780 

30 

122 

200 

St.  Katherine, 

862 

30 

160 

200 

St.  John  Baptiji, 

659 

30 

130 

200 

Pinnace  of  our  Lady  della  Bofaria, 

24 

25 

30 

St.  Anthony  of  Padua  Pinnace, 

16 

46 

300 

8054 

474 

1793 

2924 

The  Andahftan  Squadron,  commanded  hy  Don  Pkdro 
OE  Valdez,  General. 


Burden  Tuns.  Guns.  Mariners.  Soldiers. 


■The  General-Ship, 

'55° 

5° 

118 

304 

ISt.  Francis  Adimral, 

9'5 

30 

60. 

230 

St.  John  Baptiji  Galleon, 

810 

40 

40 

250 

St.  Gargeran, 

569 

20 

60 

170 

Conception, 

862 

25 

6s 

200 

Duquefa  St.  Arm, 

900 

30 

So 

250 

Trinity, 

650 

20 

80 

200 

St.  Mary  de  Juncar, 

730 

30 

80 

240 

St.  Katherine, 

730 

30 

80 

259 

St.  Bartholomew, 

730 

30 

80 

225 

Holy  GhojlPaaatc^ 

zo 

33 

40 

8692 

315 

776 

23S9 

The  Squadron  of  Guypufcoa^  commanded  by  Don  Mi- 

&HEL  BE  OqPENDA. 


St.  Ann,  General, 

1200 

5° 

to 

300 

Ship,  Our  Lady  of  the  Roje,! 
Admiral,  1 

945 

3® 

64 

230 

St.  Saviour, 

958 

30 

S® 

33® 

St.  Stephen, 

936 

30 

7® 

200 

St.  MaHba, 

548 

25 

70 

180 

St.  Barba, 

525 

'5 

s® 

160 

St.  Bonavenfura, 

369 

'5 

60 

170 

Mary, 

291 

'5 

4® 

120 

Santa  Cruce, 

680 

20 

4® 

IS® 

Vrfa  doncella  Hulk, 

500 

18 

4® 

160 

Annunciation  Pinnace, 

60 

12 

it 

3® 

St.  Bamaby, 

60 

12 

it 

3® 

Magdalene, 

to 

12 

it 

3® 

Pinnace,  Our  La^  of  Guadalupe, 

to 

12 

it 

3® 

7192 

296 

608 

2120 

The  Eaftern  Fleet  of  Ships,  called  Levant  'tfcaSf  command- 
ed by  Don  Martinez  de  Vertendona. 


The  Ragazone,  General, 

1294 

3S 

9® 

3S» 

Rama,  Admiral, 

728 

3® 

80 

210 

Rata,  St.  Mary,  crowned. 

820 

40 

90 

34® 

St.  John  of  Cecilia, 

880 

3® 

7® 

290 

Trinity  Valencera, 

1000 

41 

90 

240 

Annunciation, 

730 

3® 

9® 

200 

St.  Nicolas,  Prodaveli, 

834 

30 

84 

280 

Juliana, 

780 

36 

80 

33® 

St.  Mary  of  Pijim, 

666 

22 

80 

250 

Trinity  Efcala, 

900 

25 

90 

302 

8632 

319 

844 

2792 

The  Fleet  of  Ships,  called  Urcasy  or  Hulksy  commanded 
by  Don  Juan  Lopez  de  Medina. 


Great  Griffin,  General, 

650 

4® 

60 

240 

Si.  Saviour,  Admiral, 

650 

30 

60 

230 

Sea  Dog, 

zoo 

10 

3® 

80 

White  Falcon, 

500 

18 

4® 

160 

Black  Caflle, 

7S® 

25 

S® 

250 

Bark  of  Hamburg, 

600 

25 

5® 

250 

Houfe  of  Peace, 

600 

2S 

S® 

250 

St.  Peter  the  Greater, 

600 

25 

5® 

250 

Sampjbn, 

600 

2S 

S® 

250 

St.  Peter  the  Lefs, 

600 

25 

5® 

250 

Bark  of  Dantzick, 

45® 

26 

5® 

210 

mite 


« Taken  from  the  Spanifi)  Book  printed  in  sfM.  compar’d  with  Ltiiard. 


9 


SPANISH  INVASION. 


Burden  Tuns.  Guns.  Mariners.  Soldiers. 


White  Falcon,  Mediana, 

300 

18 

30 

80 

.St.  Andrew, 

400 

15 

40 

160 

Little  Houfe  of  Peace, 

350 

15 

40 

160 

Flying  Raven, 

400 

18 

40 

210 

White  Dove, 

250 

12 

30 

60 

Adventure, 

600 

19 

40 

60 

Santa  Barba, 

600 

19 

40 

60 

Cat, 

400 

9 

3° 

50 

St.  Gabriel, 

280 

9 

.25 

50 

Efayas, 

280 

9 

25 

50 

St.  James, 

600 

J9 

40 

60 

Peter  Martin, 

200 

30 

30 

80 

10860 

466 

950 

4170 

Pataches  and  Zabras  commanded  by  Don  Antonio  de 

Mendoza. 

Our  Lady  del  Pilar  de  Saragojfa, 

300 

12 

50 

120 

Englijh  Charity, 

i8o 

12 

36 

80 

St.  Andrew  of  Scotland, 

150 

12 

30 

51 

Crucifix, 

150 

8 

3^^ 

50 

Our  Lady  of  the  Port, 

150 

8 

30 

50 

Conception  of  CarafJa, 

70 

8 

3° 

50 

Our  Lady  of  Begova, 

70 

8 

30 

50 

Conception  of  Capitillo, 

60 

8 

30 

5° 

St.  Hieronymus, 

60 

8 

33 

60 

Our  Lady  of  Grace, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Conception  of  Francis  Lajlero, 

60 

8 

3° 

60 

Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

St,  Francis, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Holy  Ghojl, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Our  'Lady  of  Frenefda, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Zabra  of  the  Trinity, 

60 

8 

3° 

60 

Zabra  of  our  Lady  del  Cajiro, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

St.  Aidrew, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Conception, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Conception  of  Sommariba, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Santa  Clara, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

St.  Katherine, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

Sti  John  de  Caraffa, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

ZLfumption, 

60 

8 

30 

60 

2090 

204 

746 

1103 

The  four  Galeafles  of  Naples, 

commanded 

by  Don 

Hugo  de 

Moncada. 

St.  Laurence  General, 

50 

130 

270 

Patrona, 

50 

1 12 

180 

Girona, 

50 

120 

170 

Neopolitana, 

5° 

115 

124 

200 

477 

744 

Thefe  four  Galeafles  liad  Slaves  i2oo. 


The  four  Gallies  of  Portugal,  commanded  by  Don 

Diego  de  Medrana. 


The  Capitana, 

50 

io6 

no 

Princefs, 

50 

106 

no 

Diana, 

50 

106 

1 10 

Vazana, 

5° 

106 

no 

200  424  440 


In  thefe  four  Gallies  were  Slaves  888. 


* From  a MS,  in  the 


The  Lift  of  the  English  Fleet*. 


Ships. 

The  Ark  Raleigh, 

'Elizabeth  Bonaventure, 
Rainbow, 

Golden  Lion, 

White  Bear, 

Vanguard, 

Revenge, 

Elizabeth  Jonas, 

ViShry, 

Antelope, 

Itriumph, 

Hreadnought, 

Mary-Roje, 

Nonpareil, 

Hope, 

Galley  Bonavolta, 
Swift-Jure, 

Swallow, 

Forejight, 

Aid, 

Bull, 

Fyger, 

Framontana, 

Scout, 

Achates, 

Charles, 

Moon, 

Advice, 

%. 

Martin, 

Sun, 

Signet, 

Brigantine, 

George  Hoye, 


funs. 

Sailors. 

Captains. 

800 

425 

f The  Lord  Charles  Howard, 

1 Lord  High  Admiral. 

600 

250 

The  Eai  l of  Cumberland. 

0 

0 

250 

The  Lord  Henry  Seymor. 

500 

250 

The  Lord  Tloomas  Howard. 

1000 

500 

The  Lord  Edmund  Sheffield. 

500 

2 JO 

Sir  William  Winter. 

500 

250 

rSir  Francis  Drake,  Vice- 

1 Admiral. 

900 

500 

Sir  Robert  Soutlmell. 

800 

400 

r Sir  John  Hawkins,  Rear- 
1 Admiral. 

400 

160 

Sir  Henry  Palmer. 

1 100 

500 

Sir  Martin  Forbifxr. 

400 

200 

Sir  George  Bejlm. 

600 

2JO 

Edward  Fenton. 

500 

250 

Thomas  Fennar. 

600 

250 

Robert  Crofs. 

250 

William  Buroufhs, 

400 

200 

Edward  Fennar. 

300 

160 

Richard  Hawkins. 

300 

1 60 

Chrfiopber  Baker. 

250 

120 

William  Fennar. 

200 

100 

Jeremy  Turner. 

200 

100 

John  Bofiock. 

150 

70 

Luke  Ward. 

120 

70 

Henry  AJhley. 

100 

60 

George  Rigges. 

70 

40 

John  Roberts. 

60 

40 

Alexander  Clifford. 

50 

40 

John  Harris. 

50 

40 

Ambrofe  Ward. 

50 

35 

Walter  Gower. 

40 

30 

Richard  Buckley. 

30 

20 

John  Shrive. 

35 

Tlxmas  Scot. 

120 

24 

Richard  Hodges. 

1850 

6279 

2.  Ships  ferving  by  Tunnage  with  the  Lord  Admiral. 


White  Lion, 

140 

50 

Charles  Howard. 

Difdain, 

80 

45 

Jonas  Bradbery, 

Lark, 

50 

30 

Thomas  Chichejler. 

Edward  of  Malden^ 

180 

30 

William  Pierce. 

Marigold, 

30 

20 

William  Newton. 

Black  Dog, 

20 

10 

John  Davis, 

Catherine, 

20 

10 

Fancy, 

50 

20 

John  Paul. 

Poppin, 

20 

8 

Nightingal, 

160 

16 

John  DoatCi 

7J0 

239 

3,  Ships  ferving  with  Sir  Francis  Drake. 


The  Galleon  Leicejler, 

400 

160 

George  Fennar. 

Merchant  Royal, 

400 

160 

Robert  Flyke. 

Edward  Bonaventure, 

300 

120 

James  Lancajler. 

Roebuck, 

300 

120 

Jacob  Wbitton. 

Golden  Noble, 

250 

no 

Adam  Seigar. 

Griffin, 

200 

100 

William  Hawkins. 

Minion, 

200 

80 

William  Winter. 

Bark  Talbot, 

200 

90 

Henry  White. 

Royal  Library,  14  B XIII. 

D 


Flxmas 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


Ships. 

Tuns. 

Sailors. 

Captains. 

Thomas  Drake, 

200 

80 

Henry  Spendelow. 

Spark, 

200 

90 

William  Spark. 

Hopewell, 

200 

100 

John  Marchaunt. 

Galleon  Dudley, 

250 

100 

James  Erizey. 

Virgin,  God-fave-her, 

200 

80 

John  Greenfield, 

Hope  of  Plymouth, 

200 

70 

John  Rivers. 

Bark  Bond, 

150 

70 

William  Poole. 

Bark  Bonner, 

150 

70 

Charles  Ceefar. 

Bark  Hawkins, 

150 

70 

Unity, 

80 

70 

Humphry  Sidnam. 

Elizabeth-Drake, 

60 

30 

Thomas  Seely. 

Bark  Buggins, 

80 

50 

John  Langford. 

Frigat  Elizabeth  Fonnes, 

80 

50 

Roger  Grant. 

Bark  Sellinger, 

160 

80 

John  Sellinger. 

Bark  Mannington, 

160 

80 

Ambrofe  Mannington, 

Golden  Hind, 

50 

30 

Thomas  Flemming. 

Makejhift, 

60 

40 

Peerce  Leman. 

Diamond  of  Dartmouth, 

60 

40 

Robert  Holland. 

Speedwell, 

60 

H 

Hugh  Harding. 

Bear-Young, 

140 

70 

John  Young. 

Chance, 

60 

40 

James  Foues. 

Delight, 

50 

30 

William  Cox. 

Nightingale, 

40 

30 

John  Grifling. 

Carvel, 

30 

24 

5120  2348 


4.  London  Ships,  fitted  out  by  the  City. 


Hercules, 

300 

120 

George  Barnes. 

Toby, 

250 

100 

Robert  Barret. 

May-Flower, 

200 

90 

Edward  Banks. 

Minion, 

200 

90 

John  Dales. 

Royal-Defence, 

160 

80 

John  Chefler. 

Afeenflon, 

200 

100 

Johti  Bacon. 

Gift  oj  God, 

180 

80 

Thomas  Luntlowe. 

Primrofe, 

200 

90 

Robert  Bringboom, 

Margaret  and  John, 

200 

90 

John  Fijlter. 

Golden  Lion, 

140 

70 

Robert  Wilcox. 

Diana, 

80 

70 

Bark  Burre, 

160 

70 

John  Saracole. 

Teigur, 

200 

90 

William  Ccejar. 

Berfabe, 

160 

70 

William  Furthoe. 

Red  Lion, 

200 

90 

Jarvis  Wild. 

Centurion, 

250 

100 

Samuel  Foxcraft. 

Paflport, 

80 

40 

Chriflopher  Colthirfl. 

Moonjhine, 

60 

30 

Johi  Brough, 

Thomas  Bonaventure, 

140 

70 

William  Adridge. 

Relief, 

60 

30 

John  King. 

Sufan  Atm  Parnell, 

220 

80 

Nicholas  George. 

Violet, 

220 

60 

Martin  Hakes. 

Solomon, 

170 

80 

Edmund  Mufgrave. 

Ann  Francis, 

180 

70 

Chriflopher  Lifler. 

George  Bonaventure, 

200 

80 

Eleazar  Hikeman. 

Jane  Bonaventure, 

100 

50 

Thomas  Hailwood. 

Vinyard, 

160 

60 

Benjamin  Cook, 

Samuel, 

J40 

50 

John  Vaffel 

George  Noble, 

150 

80 

Henry  Bellinger. 

Anthony, 

no 

60 

George  Harper, 

Toby, 

140 

7® 

Chriflopher  Pigotf. 

Salamander, 

120 

60 

Samford. 

Rofe  Lion, 

IIO 

50 

Barnaby  ASion. 

Antelope, 

.120 

60 

.....  Dennifon. 

Jewel, 

I no 

60 

Rewell. 

Paunce, 

160 

70 

William  Butler. 

Providence, 

130 

60 

Richard  Chefler. 

Dolphin, 

160 

•70 

William  Hares, 

6130  2710 

y.  Coafters  with  the  Lord  Admiral, 


Ships, 

Bark  Web, 
yohn  ‘treknmy. 

Hart  of  Dartmouth, 
Bark  Potts, 

Little  John, 
Bartholomew  of  Apjham, 
Bo  fe  of  Appoam, 

Gift  of  Apjham, 
facob  of  Lime, 

Revenge  of  Lime, 
William  of  Bridgewater, 
Crefcent  of  Dartmouth, 
Galleon  of  Weymouth, 
Katherine  of  Weymouth, 
John  of  Ctichefter, 
Hearty  Ann, 

Mimon  (f  Brijlol, 
Unicom  of  Brijlol, 
Handmaid  of  Brifiol, 
Aid  of  Brijlol, 


Tuns.  Sailors. 


Captains. 


So 

50 

150 

70 

Thomas  Meehe. 

60 

30 

James  Houghton. 

180 

80 

Anthony  Potts. 

40 

20 

Lawrence  Cleyton, 

130 

70 

Nicolas  Wright. 

no 

5° 

Thomas  Sandy.  , 

25 

20 

90 

SO 

60 

30 

Richard  Bedford, 

70 

30 

John  Smith. 

140 

7S 

100 

SO 

Richard  Miller. 

60 

30 

70 

SO 

John  Young. 

60 

30 

JohnWimll. 

230 

1 10 

John  Satchfield. 

130 

66 

James  Laughton. 

85 

S6 

Chriflopher  Pitt. 

60 

26 

William  Megar. 

Daniel, 

Galleon  Hutchins, 
Bark  Lamb, 

Fancy, 

Grifin, 

Little  Hare, 
Handmaid, 

Marygold, 

Matthew, 

Sufan, 

William  of  Ipfwich, 
Katherine  of  ^fimch^ 
Primrofe  of  Harwich, 
Ann-Bondventure, 
William  of  Rye, 

Grace  of  God, 
Ellnathan  of  Dover, 
Reuben  oj'  Sandwich, 
Hazard  of  Feverjham, 
Grace  of  Tarmouth, 
May-flower, 

William  of  Brickelfea, 
John  Toung, 


1930 

993 

ith  the  Lord 

160 

70 

150 

60 

Uo 

60 

60 

30 

75 

3S 

SO 

25 

75 

35 

150 

70 

3S 

16 

40 

20 

140 

30 

125 

SO 

120 

40 

60 

50 

80 

60 

50 

30 

120 

70 

1 10 

68 

38 

34 

J50 

70 

150 

70 

100 

SO 

60 

30 

224.. 

1073 

Robert  JobnJbn. 
Thomas  Tucker. 
Leonard  Harvel. 
Richard  Fearn. 
John  Dobfon. 
Matthew  Railflon. 
John  Gatenbury. 
Francis  Johnfon. 
Richard  Mitchel. 
John  MisJ^ave. 
Bamaby  Lewe. 
Thomas  Grimble. 
John  Cardinal. 

John  Qmny. 

William  Coxon. 
William  Fordred. 
John  Iddgier. 
William  Crippt. 
Nicolas  Turner. 
WilHam  Mufgrame. 
Alexander  Mbtfgrave. 
Thomas  Lambert. 
Reynold  Veyzey, 


7,  Volunteers  with  the  Lord  Admiral. 


Samjbn, 

300 

108 

John  Mingfield. 

Francis  of  Fey, 

'140 

60 

John  Rejbley, 

Heath-Hen  of  Weymouth, 

60 

30 

Golden  Rial  of  Weymouth, 

120 

60 

Bark  Sutton  of  Weymouth, 

70 

40 

Hugh  Prefion. 

Carvmfe, 

SO 

25 

Samaritan  of  Dartmouth, 

250 

100 

William  of  Plymouth, 

120 

60 

Gallego  of  Plymouth, 

30 

20 

Bark  HaulJ'e, 

60 

40 

Greenfield  Haulfl. 

Unicorn  of  Dartmouth, 

76 

30 

Ralph  Hawes. 

Grace  of  Apjham, 

100 

SO 

WeJter  Edney. 

Tloomas  Bonaventure,^ 

60 

30 

John  Pentyre, 

Rat  of  Wight, ' 

80 

60 

Gilbert  Lea. 

Margett, 


SPANISH  INVASION. 


I r 


Ships. 

Tuns. 

Sailors. 

Captains. 

Margett, 

60 

46 

William  Hubberd, 

Elizabeth  of  Luyjlaf, 

40 

30 

Raphael, 

40 

30 

Nicolas  Webb, 

Fly-boat  Toung, 

60 

40 

1716 

859 

8.  Viduallers. 


Francis  Burnell, 


Henry  Harpham. 


With  thefe  Inftruftions,  the  Spanijh  Fleet 
fet  fail  on  the  19*  of  May  from  the  'Tagus, 
and  fleer’d  for  the  Groyne,  the  Place  of  gene- 
ral Rendezvous.  But  they  had  not  been  long 
at  Sea,  before  they  were  fo  difperfed  by  a 
violent  Storm,  off  of  Cape  Finifierre,  that 
fcarce  the  third  Part  of  them  reached,  fome 
Days  after,  the  intended  Port : And  three  of 
the  Gallies,  by  the  Stratagem  of  David  Gwyn, 
an  Englifh  Slave,  affifled  by  fome  of  the 
Moorijh  Rowers,  were  run  into  a Harbour  of 
France 

In  the  mean  time,  the  Lord  Howard  hav- 
ing continued  a good  while  upon  the  Narrow 
Seas  between  England  and  Flanders^,  fent 
Sir  'Francis  Drake  towards  theWeftern  Coafts, 
with  about  fifty  Sail,  great  and  fmall ; intend- 
ing to  follow  himfelf,  with  a ftronger  Force, 
if  there  fhould  be  Occafion.  For  the  prefent 
he  remained  in  the  Downs,  with  the  Lord 
Henry  Seymour  his  Vice-Admiral,  where  they 
had  under  their  Command  twenty  Ships  be- 
longing to  the  City  of  London,  with  feveral 
other  Veffels  fitted  out  by  the  Coafl-Towns, 
from  the  Thames  to  Newcaflle.  But  News 
being  brought  of  the  Armada’s  being  ready 
to  put  to  Sea,  the  Admiral  left  the  Lord 
Henry  Seymour  with  a convenient  Number  of 
Ships,  to  watch  the  Duke  of  Parma's  Mo- 
tions; and  fetting  Sail  on  the  21“  of  May, 
with  about  thirty  Veffels  of  all  Sorts,  arrived 
on  the  23“^  at  Plymouth.  Here  he  was  joined 
by  Sir  Francis  Drake,  whom  he  conflituted 
OTH  Sides  being  thus  fitted  out,  and  his  Vice-Admiral,  and  whole  Squadron,  by 
prepared  for  A6lion,  let  us  now  proceed,  the  Addition  of  fome  Veffels  from  the  Weftern 

. £•  1 T-  Ports,  amounted  now  to  fixty  Sail. 

rhrdly  To  give  an  Account  of  the  Expe-  ^ 

dmon,  and  the  feveral  Engagements  between  p/  ,/  Orders  for  The  Viaualling,  and 

the  two  Fleets,  with  the  final  Event  of  the  ^ ^Reaclnefs,  the  whole  Fleet,  which 

now  confifled  in  all  of  about  ninety  Ships  and 

The  King  of  Spain's  Inflru6lions  to  his  Ge-  Barks.  As  focn  as  it  was  ready  he  put  out 

neral,  were'.  To  repair  to  Calais  Road,  and  to  Sea,  and  cruized  at  the  Channel’s  Mouth, 

there  wait  for  the  Arrival  of  the  Duke  of  between  UJhen:  and  Scilly,  looking  out  for  the 

Parma,  who  had  Orders  to  join  him  with  his  Spanip  Fleet.  He  thus  continued  cruizing  for 

Fleet  and  Forces ; and,  upon  their  meeting,  to  feveral  Days,  fometimes  upon  the  Coaft  of 

open  a Letter  directed  to  them  both,  with  fur-  France,  and  fometimes  upon  that  of  England', 

ther  Orders  [particularly,  to  advance  up  the  and,  at  lall,  hearing  nothing  of  the  Spaniards, 

Thames,  and  attack  London^  He  was  flri6lly  returned  to  Plymouth,  for  a new  Supply  of 

enjoined,  in  the  mean  time,  to  fail  along  the  Vi^hials,  and  other  Neceffaries. 

Coafts  of  Bretagne  and  Normandy,  in  order  to  Mean  while,  fourteen  Spanip  Ships  were 

avoid  being  difeovered  by  the  Englip  Fleet ; difeovered  between  Upent  and  Scilly,  which 

and  if  unexpefledly  he  fhould  meet  them,  not  were  afterwards  known  to  have  been  Separated 

to  offer  Battle,  but  a6l  only  upon  the  De-  from  the  reft  of  the  Fleet  by  the  late  Storm. 

fenfive.  But  before  they  could  be  met  with  by  any 

» MSS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library,  y«/.  F X.  17.  fol.  in. 

E Englijh 


Elizabeth  Banaventure  of  London, 

60 

Felican, 

50 

Hope, 

40 

Unity, 

40 

Pearl, 

50 

■Elizabeth  of  London, 

60 

fohn  of  London, 

70 

Barfaby, 

60 

Marygold, 

50 

White  Hind, 

40 

Gift  of  Gad, 

40 

fonas  of  Alborough, 

50 

Solomon  of  Alborough, 

60 

Richard  Duffield, 

70 

Mary  Rofe, 

70 

8 10 

John  of  Barnjlaple, 

40 

Greyhound  of  Alborough, 

65 

fonas. 

30 

Fortune  of  Alborough, 

2J 

Hearts-Eafe, 

24 

Elizabeth  of  l/rw  Afiof, 

30 

A Galley,  not  Ipecified  by  Name, 

250 

474 

SECT.  III. 


B 


’ Btrada,  Dec.  ii.  lib.  9.  * Hakluyt,  Camden. 


IZ 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


Englijh  Ships,  they  had  a Northerly  Wind, 
which  carried  them  back  to  the  Groyne where, 
and  at  the  neighbouring  Ports,  the  whole  Fleet 
took  in  their  Soldiers  and  Warlike  Provifions. 

The  Spanijh  Fleet,  as  has  been  faid  above, 
had  been  dilperfed,  and  fomewhat  difabled  by 
a violent  Storm.  This  had  like  to  have  proved 
more  fatal  to  the  Englijh  than  to  the  Spaniards 
themlelves For  it  being  reported  all  over 
Europe^  that  the  whole  Spanijh  Fleet  was  de- 
ftroyed.  Queen  Elizabeth  and  her  Minifters 
drought’  that  it  was  at  leaft  fo  damaged,  as 
that  it  could  not  proceed  ’till  the  next  Year. 
Relying  therefore  upon  this  Intelligence,  which 
they  took  for  certain.  Secretary  Walfingham 
lignified  the  Queen’s  Pleafure  to  the  Lord 
High-Admiral,  to  fend  back  four  of  his  largeft 
Ships  into  Port.  His  Lordfhip  had,  in  the 
mean  time,  likewife  Intelligences  fundry  ways, 
that  the  Enemy’s  Fleet  was  difperfed  into  feve- 
ral  Ports  of  Spain,  diftreffed,  fpoiled,  in  want 
of  Provifions,  and  with  a great  Mortality  a- 
mong  the  Men.  This,  however,  happened  to 
be  only  a falfe  Rumour.  The  Lord-Admiral 
not  thinking  it  fafe  to  depend  upon  fuch  Un- 
certainties, when  the  Nation’s  All  was  at  Stake, 
got  the  Order  countermanded  5 alledging  how 
dangerous  it  was  to  be  too  credulous  in  a mat- 
ter of  fuch  Importance,  and  that  he  would  ra- 
ther keep  the  Ships  out  at  his  own  Charge, 
than  hazard  his  Country’s  Safety.  But,  in  or- 
der to  be  fully  fatisfied,  (as  he  was  fure  that 
the  Coafts  of  England  and  France,  which  he 
had  examined,  were  clear)  he  thought  proper  % 
with  the  Advice  of  a Council  of  War,  to  take 
the  Opportunity  of  the  firft  Northerly  Wind, 
and  go  in  queft  of  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  in  the 
Groyne,  and  other  Ports  of  Gallicia and  there 
utterly  deftroy  it,  if  it  were  already  fo  difa- 
bled as  was  reported;  or,  if  otherwife,  to  get 
certain  Intelligence  concerning  its  true  State 
and  Condition.  Accordingly  his  Lordfhip 
made  Sail  for  the  Coaft  of  Spain,  with  a 
Northerly  Wind,  and  held  the  fame  Courfe 
for  about  three  Days,  from  the  8^’’  to  the  i o* 
of  yuly.  He  was  not  then  above  forty  Leagues 
from  that  Kingdom,  when  being  informed  that 
the  Enemy’s  Fleet  was  not  fo  much  damaged 
as  reported,  and  the  Wind  coming  to  be  Sou- 
therly, he  judged  it  bell  (as  his  Inftru6lions 
were  to  guard  the  Englijh  Coafts,)  to  return 
to  Plymouth ; left  the  fame  Wind  fhould  bring 
the  Enemies  out,  and  carry  them  by  him,  un- 
feen,  towards  England.  He  arrived  at  Ply- 

^ Camden  Ann,  and  Burchett.  5 Cotton  MSS. 


mouth  the  i a*  of  yuly,  and  with  great  Expe- 
dition fupplied  his  Fleet  with  whatever  Necef- 
faries  were  wanting. 

His  Caution  was  indeed  very  feafonable: 
For  with  the  fame  Southerly  Wind  the  Duke 
of  Medina  Sidonia  failed,  with  the  whole  Fleet 
under  his  Command,  from  the  Groyne,  on  the 
12*  of  yuly,  (the  very  fame  Day  the  Lord 
Admiral  arrived  at  Plymouth,)  and  in  two  or 
three  Days  detached  a Yatch  to  the  Duke  of 
Parma,  with  Notice  of  his  being  advanced  fb 
far.  He  preffed  him  at  the  fame  Time,  to  be 
ready  with  the  Troops  and  Ships  he  was  dire- 
6led  to  provide,  in  order  to  pafs  over  into 
England  under  his  Convoy,  as  loon  as  he 
fhould  be  arrived  in  the  Streights  of  Dover. 

While  the  Spanijh  Fleet  lay  at  the  Groyne 
an  Englijh  Filherman  that  was  taken  and 
brought  to  that  Place,  gave  the  Enemies,  ei- 
ther out  of  Ignorance  or  Defign,  this  falfe  Ac- 
count : “ That  the  Englijh  Fleet  had  lately 
“ been  at  Sea ; but  feeing  no  Profpedl  of  the 
‘‘  Spaniards  purfuing  their  Defign  that  Year, 

was  returned,  and  the  greater  Part  of  the 
“ Men  belonging  to  the  Ships  difcharged.  ” 
This  falfe  Intelligence  made  the  Duke  of  Me- 
dina Sidonia  deviate  from  his  Inftru6lions ; 
and  as  he  vainly  fuppofed  that  he  could  eafi- 
ly  furprize  our  Fleet,  and  burn  or  otherwife 
deftroy  it,  he  refolved  not  to  lofe  fo  glorious 
an  Opportunity.  Inftead  therefore  of  going 
directly  to  join  the  Duke  of  Parma,  a Refo- 
lution  was  taken  in  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  to  bend 
their  Courfe  towards  England. 

^ On  the  1 6*  of  yuly  there  was  a Calm 
and  a thick  Fog  ’till  Noon.  Then  the  North 
Eaft  Wind  blew  very  ftrong,  and  prefently 
after  the  Weft  Wind  ’till  Midnight;  and 
then  the  Eaft -South -Eaft  Wind;  infbmuch 
that  the  Spanijh  Fleet  being  thereby  dilperfed, 
was  hardly  joined  again  ’till  it  came  within 
Sight  of  England.  At  length  this  Fleet,  after 
an  indifferent  Paffage  over  the  Bay  of  Bifcay, 
arrived  yuly  19,  in  Sight  of  England,  and  en- 
tered the  Channel.  The  firft  Land  they  made 
was  the  Lizard,  which  they  took  to  be  the 
Rands  Head  near  Plymouth',  but  Night  ap- 
proaching, they  flood  off,  defigning  the  next 
Morning  to  attack  the  Englijh  Ships  in  Ply- 
mouth Harbour. 

The  fame  Day*,  the  Lord  Admiral. was 
informed  by  Captain  Thomas  Flemming,  Com- 
mander of  the  Golden  Hind  Ymnact,  who  had 
been  leff  in  the  Channel  for  Difcovery,  that 

* Lediard's  Naval  Hift.  p.  254.  » Camden.  * Cotton  MSS. 

the 


*3 


SPANISH 

the  Spanijh  Fleet  was  feen  near  the 
PtATE  r.  Wind  being  then  South- 

erly, or  South-Weft.  Tho’  the  Wind  blew 
hard  into  Plymouth-Sound,  and  the  Intelligence 
was  not  received  ’till  about  Four  o’  Clock  in 
the  Afternoon,  yet  his  Lordftiip,  with  much 
Diligence  and  Induftry,  got  out  the  fame  E- 
vening  with  fix  of  his  Ships,  and  anchored 
with  them  alone  the  whole  Night,  without  the 
Harbour. 

® The  next  Day,  yuly  ao,  the  Lord  High- 
Admiral,  accompanied  with  fifty  four  Ships 
of  his  Fleet,  that  had  plied  out  of  ih&  Sound, 
notwithftanding  the  South -Weft  Wind,  ad- 
vanced towards  the  Enemy.  They  were  fcarce 
got  as  far  as  the  Eddyftone,  when  they  difco- 
vered,  about  Noon,  the  Spanijh  Fleet  to  the 
Plate  2 ^^^^ard,  oppofite  to  Fowey,  in  form 
of  a half  Moon  (the  Points  whereof 
were  about  feven  Miles  afunder)  coming  flowly 
up  the  Channel,  tho’  with  full  Sails.  The 
Englijh  fuffered  them  to  pals  by  unmolefted, 
that  they  might  chace  them  in  the  rear,  with 
all  the  Advantage  of  the  Wind, 

The  next  Morning,  yuly  ar,  all  the  Eng- 
lijh Ships  being  then  come  out  of  Plymouth, 
and  in  number  near  a hundred,  had  recovered 
the  Wind  of  the  Spaniards two  Leagues  to 
the  Weftward  of  Eddyflone.  About  Nine 
o’  Clock,  the  Lord-Admiral  fent  his  Pinnace, 
named  the  Defiance to  denounce  War  a- 
gainft  the  Enemy,  by  the  Difcharge  of  all  her 
GUns.  He  himfelf  immediately  feconded  her 
from  his  own  Ship,  the  Ark-Royal,  by  thun- 
dering furioufly  on  one  of  the  Enemy’s,  com- 
manded by  Alphonfo  de  Leva,  which  he  mif- 
took  for  the  St.  Martin,  the  Admiral’s  Ship 
but  Ihe  was,  after  a fmart  Engagement, 
refcued  by  the  Spaniards.  In  the  mean 
time.  Sir  Francis  Drake,  Captain  fiohn  Haw- 
kins, and  Captain  Martin  Forbijher,  vigoroully 
engaged  the  Enemy’s  fternmoft  Ships,  under 
the  Conduct  of  their  Vice-Admiral  Recalde', 
in  one  of  which  Recalde  himlelf  was  luppoled 
to  be.  He  did  all  that  a gallant  Officer  could 
do  to  keep  his  Ships  together ; but  the  Fight 
was  lb  brilkly  maintained,  that,  notwithftand- 
ing  all  his  Endeavours,  they  were  forced  to 
retreat  to  the  main  Body  of  the  Fleet;  and  at 
length,  his  own  Ship  being  very  much  dama- 
ged with  Shot,  and  grown  unlerviceable,  he 
retired  thither  himfelf,  tho’  with  much  ado. 

9 Camden,  Hakluyt,  Purchas,  Cotton  MSS,  t£c. 

Cotton  MSS.  ’•  It  is  called  the  Difdain  in  Cotton  MSS. 

Eman.  Fremofa’s  Examination,  printed  in  1588.  In  . the  fol- 
'owing  Engagements  they  loft  twenty  five  Men  more.  Uid. 


INVASION. 

In  this  firft  Engagement  Recatdeh  Ship  loft 
fifteen  Men 

At  the  'lame  time,  the  Duke  of  Medina 
gathered  together  his  Fleet which  was  dif- 
perfed  about ; and  hoifting  more  Sail,  held  on 
his  Courfe  with  all  the  Speed  he  could  make. 
Nor  was  it  in  his  Power  to  do  otherwife,  fee- 
ing the  Wind  favoured  the  Englijh,  and  their 
ships  were  fo  light  and  nimble,  that  they 
would  charge,  wind,  and  tack  about  with  in- 
credible Swiftnefs;  whereas  the  Spanijh  great 
and  heavy  Slugs,  ftood  like  fo  many  Butts  for 
the  Englijh  Shot.  Although  the  Spaniards 
were  fo  brilkly  charged  by  the  Englijh,  they 
made  a running  Fight  of  it;  and,  after  a fmart 
Engagement  of  two  Hours,  the  Lord  H^h- 
Admiral  thought  fit  to  defift,  becaufe  forty  of 
his  Ships  were  not  yet  come  up,  being  fcarce 
got  out  of  Plymouth  Haven '+.  So  not  proceed- 
ing any  farther,  he  gave  the  Signal  for  a 

Council  of  War ; Wherein  his  Lordlhip’s 

prudent  and  confiderate  Advice  being  very 
much  approved.  Orders  were  delivered  to  each 
Captain,  in  what  manner  they  Ihould  purfue 
the  Enemy. 

The  Night  following,  one  of  the  Spanip 
Ships,  called  the  St.  Katherine,  having  recei- 
ved much  Damage  in  the  Fight,  was  brought 
into  the  midft  of  their  Fleet,  to  be  repaired 
And  a large  Bijcayan  Ship  of  eight  hundred 
Tuns,  belonging  to  Michael  de  Oquendo,  Ad- 
miral of  the  Guypufcoan  Squadron,  on  board 
of  which  was  the  Treafurer  of  the  Fleet,  was 
defignedly  fet  on  Fire  by  a Dutch  Gunner, 
who  had  been  ill  ufed  ; but  the  Spaniards 
took  out  the  bell  Part  of  the  Money,  when 
they  faw  the  Ship  in  Danger ; and  after 
her  upper  Part  was  burnt  and  blown  up,  the 
Flame  was  extinguiffied  by  fome  Ships  that 
came  feafonably  to  her  Affiftance.  But  one  of 
them,  a great  Galleon,  commanded  by  Don 
Pedro  de  Valdez,  Iprung  her  Foremaft  and 
Boltfprit,  by  falling  foul  of  another  Veffel  in 
the  Hurry  and  Confiifion ; and  fo,  not  being 
able  to  keep  Company  with  the  reft  of  the 
Fleet,  was  left  behind.  The  Night  being  ex- 
treniely  dark,  and  the  Sea  running  lb  hi^, 
that  no  Succour  could  come  to  her,  Ihe  fell  the 
next  Day,  fiuly  22,  into  the  Hands  of 
Sir  Francis  Drake:,  who  had  her  con- 
dueled  to  Dartmouth,  and  fent  the  Captain, 
and  fome  other  Gentlemen  who  were  on  board, 

’3  Camden.  Cotton  idSS.  'S  Camden. 

A Spanijh  Officer  had  quarrel’d  with  him,  and  called  him 
Traytor,  imagining  he  had  not  done  his  Duty  in  the  laft  Engagement. 
Strada,  Dec.  ii.  lib.  9. 


F 


Prifoners 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


Prifoners  to  Plymouth,  where  they  remained 
eighteen  Months,  ’till  their  Ranfoms  wei^  paid. 
In  this  Galleon  was  found  fifty  five  thoufand 
Ducats  of  Gold,  which  Drake’s  Men  (hared 
amongft  themfelves. 

This  Night  the  Spanijh  Fleet  bore  along 
by  the  Start,  and  the  next  Morning  was  as  far 
to  the  Leward  as  the  Berry  Sir  Francis 
Drake  had  been  ordered  to  carry  Lights ; but 
being  in  full  Chace  of  fome  German  Hulks, 
or  Merchant-Men,  which  be  difcovered  late  in 
the  Evening,  and  took  for  Enemies,  he  hap- 
pened to  negle^l  it ; which  occafioned  moft  of 
the  Fleet  to  lye  by  all  Night,  becaufe  not  fee- 
ing the  Lights,  they  knew  not  whom  to  fol- 
low. For  that  Realbn,  Sir  Francis,  and  the 
reft  of  the  Fleet,  did  not  come  up  ’till  the 
next  Evening  with  the  Lord  Admiral ; v/ho, 
accompanied  only  with  the  Bear  and  the  Ma- 
ry Rofe,  had  purfued  the  Enemy,  within  Cul- 
verin  Shot,  all  the  foregoing  Night.  Thro’ 
this  Miftake,  the  reft  of  the  Engiijh  Fleet  (laid 
fo  far  behind,  that  the  next  Morning  the  near- 
eft  could  fcarce  be  (een  half  Maft  high,  and 
very  many  were  quite  out  of  Sight. 

yuly  a 2.  This  whole  Day  the  Spanijh  Ad- 
miral fpent  in  difpofmg  his  Fleet  in  the  beft 
Order  he  could  think  of.  He  commanded 
Alphonjo  de  Leva  to  bring  the  firft  and  the 
laft  Squadron  together  5 and  afiigning  every 
particular  Ship  its  proper  Station  in  Battle,  ac- 
cording to  the  Plan  agreed  on  in  Spain,  en- 
joined their  refpedfive  Commanders  to  keep  the 
fame  on  Pain  of  Death.  He  alfo  difpatch’d 
Glich,  an  Enfign,  to  the  Prince  of  Parma,  to 
advife  him  of  his  near  Approach,  and  inform 
him  of  the  State  of  the  Navy.  In  the  mean 
time,  the  forementioned  Ship  of  Oquendo  hav- 
ing been  much  damaged  by  the  Fire,  the  Spa- 
7iijlj  Admiral  ordered,  after  the  Officers,  Men, 
and  Money  were  removed  into  another  Vefiel, 
that  (he  ffiould  be  abandoned,  and  fet 
Plate  5.  2._  Whcreupon,  the  Lord  High- 

Admiral  fent  the  Lord  Sthomas  Howard,  and 
Captain  Hawkins  in  a fmall  Skiff  on  board  her, 
who  found  her  in  a very  pitiful  Condition.  Her 
Decks  were  fallen  in,  the  Steerage  broken,  the 
Stern  blown  out,  and  about  fifty  poor  Creatures 
burnt  with  Powder  in  a moft  miferable  manner. 
The  Stench,  as  well  as  the  horrible  SpeH;acle, 
foon  made  them  return  to  the  Lord-Admiral ; 
who  ordered  the  Bark  Fleming  to  condu6t  her 
into  fome  Port,  and  accordingly  (he  was  brought 
the  next  Day  into  IHeymouth. 

■7  Cotton  MSS.  Camden.  '5  Cotton  MSS, 


The  Night  following  prov’d  very  calm  5 
during  which,  the  four  Galeaffes  of  Naples 
fingling  themfelves  from  the  reft  of  th]^  Ene- 
my’s Fleet,  gave  Reafon  to  fufpe£t  that  they 
had  a Defign  to  diftrefs  fome  of  the  fmall 
Engiijh  Veffels,  which  were  (hort  of  the  Fleet; 
but  their  Courage  failing  them,  they  atempted 
nothing. 

On  the  23*^  the  Wind  turning  to  the  North- 
Eaft,  the  Spaniards  took  the  Advantage  of  it ; 
and  when  they  came  over  againft  Portland, 
tacked  about  upon  the  Engiijh,  who  prefently 
tacked  likewife,  and  ftood  in  to  the  North- 
Weft,  towards  tlie  Shore,  as  did  the  Spaniards 
alfo.  But  that  Courfe  not  being  good  for  the 
Engliflj  to  recover  the  Wind  of  the  Spaniards, 
the  former  caft  about  to  the  Eaftward.  And, 
after  feveral  Attempts  on  both  Sides  to  get  the 
Weather-gage,  the  Spaniards  offering  to  board 
the  Eiiglip,  a fmart  Engagement  began,  which 
was  managed  with  Confufion  enough,  and  with 
Variety  of  Succefs.  The  Enemy  feeing  feve- 
ral of  the  Engiijh  Ships  waited  their  coming, 
particularly  the  Ark,  the  Nonpareil,  the  Eli- 
zabeth-yonas,  the  ViSlory,  they  fell  a ftern 
the  Nonpareil,  which  was  the  hindmoft  Ship ; 
and  in  the  mean  time,  the  Friumph,  with  the 
Merchant-Royal,  the  Centurion,  the  Margaret 
and  yohn,  the  Mary -Rofe,  and  the  Golden- 
Lion,  were  fo  far  to  the  Leward,  and  at  fuch  a 
Diftance  from  the  reft  of  the  Fleet,  that  the 
Galleafles  took  Courage,  and  bearing  down 
upon  them,  attacked  them  very  vigoroufly ; but 
they  gave  them  a warm  Reception  for  an  Hour 
and  a half,  ’till  fome  of  her  Majefty’s  Ships 
came  to  their  Relief. 

The  Wind  then  (hifted  to  the  South-Eaft, 
and  afterwards  to  the  South- South -Weft; 
whereupon  a Body  of  Engiijh  Ships, 
and  feveral  Merchant-Men  attacked  the 
Spanijh  Fleet  fo  (liarply  to  the  Weftward, 
that  it  was  all  forced  to  give  way.  The  Lord- 
Admiral  perceiving  this,  and  obferving  at  the 
fame  Time  the  Diftrefs  which  the  'Triumph  and 
the  five  Ships  above  mentioned  in  her  Com- 
pany, were  in,  he  ordered  fome  Ships  that  were 
then  near  at  hand,  to  follow  him,  and  to  (et 
upon  the  Spaniards  a-freffi ; and  he  ftridfly 
charged  them,  to  go  within  Mufket-Shot  of 
the  Enemy,  before  they  difcharged  any  one 
Piece  of  Ordnance,  that  they  might  have  a 
better  Mark,  and  more  effedfually  fuccour  the 
Triumph.  This  was  immediately  performed  by 
the  Ark,  the  Elizabeth-yonas,  the  Galleon  of 

»=’  Camden.  **  Cotton  MSS. 

Leicejler, 


SPANISH  INVASION. 


Leicejiery  the  Golden  Lion,  the  ViBory,  the 
Mary  Rofe,  the  Dreadnought,  and  the  SwaU 
low-,  for  in  that  order  they  proceeded.  The 
Duke  of  Medina  perceiving  their  Defign,  came 
out  with  fixteen  of  his  heft  Galleons,  to  inter- 
cept the  Lord  Admiral,  and  flop  him  from 
aflifting  the  T'riumph.  But,  after  a very  lharp 
Ck)nflift,  the  Spaniards  were  forced  to  give 
way,  and  for  their  greater  Safety  to  gather 
themfelves  clofe  into  a Roundel,  their  heft  and 
largeft  Ships  ftanding  outermoft,  and  fencing 
the  lefler  and  the  moft  battered.  In  this  Con- 
flidl,  William  Coxe,  Captain  of  a fmall  Pinnace 
of  Sir  William  Winters,  nam’d  the  Delight, 
was  flain  by  a great  Shot,  while  he  was  bravely 
fighting  againft  the  Enemy. 

Towards  the  Evening,  four  or  five  of  the 
Spanijh  Veflels  edged  out  of  the  South- Weft- 
ward,  where  they  were  met  by  fome  of  our 
Ships;  amongft  which,  the  May-Flower  of 
London  valiantly  difcharged  fome  Pieces  of  Can- 
non at  them ; and,  on  this  and  other  Occafions, 
that  Ship’s  Company  behaved  with  great  Refo- 

lution  and  Courage. 

. ® . 

Thus  the  Fight  continued  from  Morning  till 
Night,  being  managed  with  great  Bravery ; but 
the  Spaniards  Shot  flew,  for  the  moft  part,  o- 
ver  the  Heads  of  the  Englifk,  without  doing 
Execution  “ : the  reafon  of  which  was,  that 
the  Englijh  Ships  being  far  lefs  than  the  Ene- 
my’s, made  the  Attack  with  more  Quicknefs 
and*.  Agility ; and  when  they  had  given  a 
Broad-Side,  ftieer’d  off  to  a convenient  Di- 
ftance;  and  levell’d  their  Shot  fo  direftly  at 
the  larger  and  more  unweildy  Ships  of  the  Spa- 
niards, as  feldom  to  mils  their  Aim.  Some 
advis’d  the  Lord -Admiral,  with  more  Heat 
than  Difcretion,  to  grapple  with  and  board 
them ; but  he  thought  it  neither  fafe  nor  con- 
venient ; becaufe  the  Enemy’s  Fleet  had  a con- 
fiderable  Army  on  board,  whereas  ours  had  no 
fuch  Advantage;  befides  their  Ships  far  ex- 
ceeded the  Englijh  in  Number  and  Bulk,  and 
were  much  ftronger  and  higher  built;  info- 
much  that  their  Men  having  the  Opportunity 
to  ply  the  others  from  fiich  lofty  Decks,  muft 
inevitably  have  deftroyed  thofe  that  were  obli- 
ged, as  it  were,  to  fight  beneath  them.  And. 
he  forefaw  likewife,  that  the  Damage  and  Difi. 
grace  of  a total  Defeat  would  much  outweigh 
the  Advantage  of  a Victory,  fhould  he  happen 
to  c^tain  it ; fince,  if  he  was  vanquilhed,  it 
would  have  much  endangered  the  Safety  of  the 
whole  Kingdom ; but  if  he  got  the  better,  he 

“ Camden.  *3  Purcbas,  &c.  Some  Authors  fay,  there 

was  a Ceflation  on  both  Sides,  Camden,  fife. 


IS 

could  obtain  no  more  than  the  naked  Credit 
of  putting  a Fleet  in  Dilbrder,  and  baffling  an 

Enemy. In  this  Day’s  Engagement,  a great 

Venetian  Ship,  with  feveral  other  fmaller  ones 
were  taken  by  the  Englijh 

On  the  2,4*  of  fuly,  there  was  but  little 
done*^;  the  Fight  being  only  between  four 
great  Galleafles  and  fome  Englijh  Veflels 
The  Spaniards,  upon  this  Occafion  had  great 
Advantage,  fince  their  Ships  had  Oars,  and 
ours,  by  reafon  of  a Calm,  had  no  ufe  of 
their  Sails.  However,  the  Englijh  galled  the 
Enemy  very  much  with  their  Cannon  and 
Chain-Shot ; but  at  laft,  wanting  Powder  and 
other  Neceffaries  to  continue  the  Fight,  the 
Lord  Admiral  fait  fome  VefTels  into  the  next 
Port  for  a Supply.  In  the  mean  time,  a Coun- 
cil of  War  was  held,  wherein  it  w'as  agreed. 
That  the  Fleet  fhould  be  divided  into  four 
Squadrons,  to  be  commanded,  the  firft  by  the 
Lord  Admiral  himfclf  in  the  Ark-Royal ; the 
fecond  by  Sir  Francis  Drake  in  the  Revenge ; 
the  third  by  Captain  Hawkins ; and  the  fourth 
by  Captain  Forbijher.  This  Afternoon,  his 
Lordlhip  gave  order,  that  in  the  Night,  fix 
Merchant-Ships  out  of  every  Squadron  (as  be- 
ing the  lighteft)  fhould  fet  upon  the  Spanijld 
Fleet  in  feveral  Places  at  once ; but  it  being 
calm  all  that  Night,  nothing  could  be  done. 

The  next  Morning,  fuly  25,  both 
Fleets  being  come  over  againft  the  Ifle 
of  Wight,  (which  the  Spaniards  had  refolved 
to  make  themfelves  Mafters  of,)  and  not  above 
a hundred  Yards  afunder,  a terrible  Fight  be- 
gan The  St.  Ann,  a large  Portuguefe  Gal- 
leon, being  fhort  of  the  reft  to  the  Southward, 
becaufe  not  able  to  keep  up  with  them,  was 
attack’d  by  fome  of  Captain  Hawkins‘%  Squa- 
dron, which  flood  next  to  it;  who  caufirtg 
themfelves  to  be  towed  along,  attempted  to 
board  her,  and  went  fo  clofe,  that  their  Boats 
were  beaten  off  with  Mufket-Shot : Leva  and 
Don  Diego  Felles  Enriques  perceiving  the  Gal- 
leon’s Danger,  iffued  out  of  the  Spanijh  Fleet 
with  three  Galleaffes,  and  endeavoured  to  ref- 
cue  her ; but  they  were  fo  warmly  received  by 
the  Lord  Admiral  himfelf,  and  the  Lord  Tho- 
'mas  Howard  in  the  Golden  Lion,  who,  by 
reafon  of  the  Calm,  had  their  Ships  tow’d  a- 
long  with  Boats,  that  the  Galleon  was  got  off 
with  much  Difficulty,  and  not  without  Lofs; 
for  one  of  the  Galleafles  was  forc’d  to  be  car- 
ried away  upon  the  Careen ; another,  by  a 
Shot  from  the  4rk,  loft  her  Lanthorn;  and 

*5  Purchas,  Speed,  Cfc,  Cotton  MSS.  Camden,  Cot- 

ton MSS,  Strada. 

the 


G 


i6  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


the  third  her  Peak-head.  Thus  many  Shots 
were  interchanged  between  the  Ark  and  Lion 
and  the  Galleafles,  in  Sight  of  both  Fleets, 
which  looked  on,  and  could  not  come  hear  by 
Teafon  of  the  Calm.  At  length  it  began  to 
blow  a fmall  Gale,  whereupon  the  Spanip  Fleet 
edged  up  to  fuccour  their  Gallealfes,  and  fo 
refcued  themj  but  fo  roughly  were  the  Gal- 
leaffes  handled,  that  after  this  none  of  them 
would  venture  upon  any  new  Engagement. 

Then  the  Fleets  drawing  near  one  another 
the  Fight  was  renewed ; but  it  did  not  conti- 
nue long ; except  that  the  Nonpareil  and  the 
Mary  Rofe  were  for  fome  time  engaged  with 
the  Enemy,  and  ftriking  their  Topfails,  lay  a 
while  by,  and  braved  the  whole  Fleet  of  Spain. 
In  the  mean  while,  the  'Triumph,.to  the  North- 
ward of  the  Spanip  Fleet,  was  fo  far  to  Le- 
ward,  that  being  apprehenlive  fome  of  the  E- 
nemy  might  weather  her,  Ihe  towed  off  with 
the  Help  of  feveral  Boats,  and  fo  recovered  the 
Wind.  The  Bear  and  the  Elizabeth  "Jonas 
perceiving  her  in  Diftrels,  bore  down  to  refcue 
her,  and  by  their  Boldnefs  put  themfelves  into 
the  like  Danger  j but  they,  however,  made 
their  party  good,  ’till  they  had  recovered  the 
Wind.  And  thus  ended  this  Day’s  Fight, 
which  was  very  lharp  for  the  time. 

The  Spaniards  gave  a different  Account 
of  this  Day’s  Engagement  j for  they  faid  that 
the  Englip  did  miferably  batter,  with  their 
great  Guns,  the  Spanip  Admiral,  who  lay  in 
the  rear;  came  lb  near  him  as  to  kill  many  of 
his  Men ; brought  his  Mainmaft  by  the  board; 
and  he  was  in  great  Danger  of  being  loft,  had 
not  Mexia  and  Recalde  come  timely  to  his  Af- 
fiftance;  but  that,  after  this,  the  Spanip  Ad- 
miral and  his  Men,  feconded  by  Recalde^  and 
others,  fet  upon  the  Englip  Admiral,  who  by 
the  turning  of  the  Wind  happily  efcaped ; that 
the  Spaniards  from  that  time  gave  over  the 
Chace,  and  keeping  on  their  Courfe,  dilpatch’d 
a Meflenger  to  the  Duke  of  Parma,  to  defire 
him  to  come  and  join  the  Armada  with  his 
own  Squadron  as  loon  as  poflible ; and  to  fend 
them  withal  fome  great  Shot  for  the  ufe  of  the 
main  Fleet. 

However  it  be,  the  Englip  had  fo  batter- 
ed the  Enemy  in  the  laft  Confli6I,  that  the 
latter  had  Recourfe  to  the  Form  of  a Roundel 
for  their  better  Security. 

On  Friday,  July  a6,  the  Lord  High-Ad- 
nural  fent  for  the  Lord  ‘Thomas  Howard,  the 
Lord  Sheffield,  Roger  Townfend,  Captain  Mar- 

•»  Cotton  MSS.  'S’  Camden.  3®  Purchas,  Harris. 

3'  Camden,  Cotton  MSS.  s*  Cotton  MSS,  « Camden, 


tin  Forbiper,  Captain  John  Hawkins,,  on  board 
his  own  Ship  the  Ark ; and  there  confer’d  on 
them  the  Honour  of  Knighthood,  as  well  for 
a Reward  of  their  good  Services  in  the  late 
Engagement,  as  for  an  Encouragement  to  the 
reft  of  the  Officers. 

Next,  a Council  of  War  being  held,  it 
was  determined,  as  our  Ships  began  to  want 
Powder  and  Shot,  that  they  ffiould  not  attack 
the  Spaniards  again  ’till  they  came  to  the 
Streights  of  Calais ; becaufe  they  would  there 
be  joined  and  reinforced  by  the  Squadron  un- 
der the  Command  of  the  Lord  Henry  Seymour 
and  Sir  IFilliam  JVinter,  ftatibned  in  thofe 
Parts  to  block  up  the  Duke  of  Parma-,  and 
might,  at  the  fame  time,  receive  a plentiful 
Store  of  Ammunition  from  our  Coafts. 

So  the  Spanip  Fleet  failed  forward, 
this  and  the  beft  part  of  the  next  Day, 
with  a gentle  Gale  at  South- Weft  and  by 
South,  the  Englip  following  them  clofe,  and 
driving  them  like  Sheep  before  them ; and  fo 
far  was  this  Invincible  Armada  from  alarming 
the  Sea-Coafts  with  any  frightful  Apprehenli- 
ons,  that  a great  many  of  the  young  Nobility 
and  Gentry  entered  themfelves  Volunteers,  and 
taking  leave  of  their  Parents,  Wives,  and  Chil- 
dren, did,  with  incredible  Chearfulnefs,  hire 
Ships  at  their  own  Charge ; and,  in  pure  Love 
to  their  Country,  joined  the  Ci:and  Fleet  in 
vaft  numbers : Among  which  were,  the  Earls 
of  Oxford,  Northumberland,  and  Cumberland 
the  Lord  Dudley ; Sir  Thomas,  Sir  Robert,  and 
William  Cecil’,  S\x  Henry  Brooke,  William 
Hatton,  Sir  Charles  Blount,  Sir  Walter  Ra- 
leigh, Sir  Robert  Carey,  Sir  Ambrofe  Willough- 
by, Sir  Thotnas  Favafor,  Sir  Horatio  Pallavi- 
cini  ’,  Thomas  Gerard,  Henry  Nowel,  Edward 
Darcy,  ‘Thomas  Woodhoufe,  William  Harvey, 
Arthur  Gorges,  and  others ; and  at  the  fame 
time,  the  Juftices  of  Peace  in  the  maritime 
Counties,  as  alfo  the  Earl  of  Sujfex,  Sir  George 
Carey,  and  the  Captains  of  the  Forts  and  Caf- 
tles  along  the  Sea-Coafts,  fent  Ships,  Men, 
Powder,  Shot,  Victuals,  and  all  kinds  of  Pro- 
vifions,  for  the  Relief  and  Affiftance  of  the 
main  Fleet. 

y^b  ^7*  This  Day,  towards  the  Even- 
ing, the  Spanip  Fleet  came  to  an  Anchor  be- 
fore Calais ; intending  for  Dunkirk,  where 
they  were  to  join  the  Prince  of  Parma's  For- 
ces; but  their  Pilots  having  told  them,  that, 
if  they  ventured  any  .ferther,  they  ffiould  be  in 
danger  of  being  carried  away  by  the  Force  of 

3+  Camden,  T'huanus,  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p.  28. 

3i  Cotton  MSS.  36  Ibid.  37  Harris.  38  Camden. 


the 


17 


SPANISH  INVASION. 


the  Tide  into  the  Northern  Channel,  for  that 
Reafon  they  proceeded  no  farther  than  Calais  \ 
the  Englijh,  on  their  part,  followed  them  clofe, 
and-  anchored  within  Culverin-Shot  of  them  5 
and,  by  the  acceflion  of  the  Ships  under  the 
Lord  Henry  Seymour  and  Sir  William  Winter^ 
confifted  now  of  a hundred  and  forty  Sail,  all 
ftout  Ships,  and  nimble  and  good  Sailors ; tho’ 
the  main  Brunt  of  the  Engagement  lay  but 
upon  fifteen  or  fixteen  of  them. 

The  Spaniards  now  lent  feveral  Mefiengers, 
one  after  another,  to  the  Duke  of  Parma,  to 
prefs  and  importune  him  to  fend  out  forty  Fly- 
Boats  to  their  AfTiftance ; without  which,  by 
reafon  of  the  Unweildinefs  of  their  Ships,  they 
could  not,  as  they  faid,  engage  the  light  and 
a6f:ive  Veflels  of  the  Englijh ; they  entreated 
him  likewife,  with  great  Earneftnefs,  to  ufe  all 
Speed  in  embarking  his  Army,  and  be  ready 
to  take  the  firft  Opportunity,  under  their  Pro- 
tection, of  landing  in  England ; but  it  feems 
he  was  not  ready,  and  fo  could  not  anfwer 
their  Summons;  his  flat-bottom ’d  Boats  were 
all  leaky,  his  Provifions  not  yet  all  brought  in, 
and  his  Sailors,  who  had  been  hitherto  kept 
together  againft  their  Wills,  had  deferred  in 
'great  numbers;  befides,  thirty  five  Men  of 
War  belonging  to  Holland  and  Zealand,  com- 
manded by  Count  yuftin  de  NaJJau,  continued 
to  block  up  the  very  Mouth  of  the  Harbours 
of  Dunkirk  and  Nieuport,  from  whence  alone 
he  could  put  to  Sea ; and  fo  well  were  theyi 
furnilhed  with  great  Guns  and  fmall  Arms, 
that  he  could  not  poffibly  put  from  Shore, 
without  running  a very  great  and  manifeft 
Danger ; however,  intending  as  foon  as  he  con- 
veniently could,  to  join  the  SpaniJJo  Fleet,  he 
fent  a Pinnace  to  inform  the  Duke  of  Medina, 
“ 39  That  he  could  not  be  ready  for  them  ’till 
“ the  Friday  following,  September  4 ; ” but  the 
Spanip  Fleet  was  forced  to  depart  before  that 
time,  in  the  utmoft  Hurry  and  Confulion. 

For,  on  yuly  28,  the  next  Day 
LATE  9.  coming  to  an  Anchor,  the 

Lord  Admiral,  by  the  Queen’s  exprefs  Com- 
mand and  Direction,  fingled  out  eight  of  his 
worfl  Ships ; bellowed  upon  them  good  Plenty 
of  Pitch,  Tar,  Rofin,  and  Wildfire ; lined  them 
well  with  Brimflone  and  other  combuftible  Mat- 
ter; and  loaded  all  their  Cannon  with  Bullets, 
Chains,  and  the  like  deftrudive  Inftruments; 
thus  equip’d,  he  fent  them  with  the  Wind  and 
Tide,  about  two  o’  Clock  in  the  Morning, 


into  the  midll  of  the  Spanip  Fleet,  under  the 

ConduCl  of Toung  and Prowfe ; who 

when  they  were  come  within  Cannon-Shot,  fet 
Fire  to  the  Trains,  and  then  retired.  The  Ap- 
proach of  thefe  Fire-Ships,  and  the  dreadful 
Blaze  which  the  Fire  made  all  the  Sea  over, 
was  no  fooner  perceived  by  the  Spaniards,  but 
it  put  their  whole  Fleet  into  the  utmoft  Con- 
fternation.  Many  of  the  Soldiers  on  board  had 
been  at  the  Siege  of  Antwerp  and  feen  the 
deftrudive  Machines  made  ufe  of  there : Suf- 
peding  therefore  that  thefe  were  big  with  other 
Engines  of  Slaughter,  befides  the  deftrudive 
Element  that  fhow’d  itfelf  without,  they  becran 
to  raife  a moll  hideous  Clamour  of.  Cut  your 
Cables,  or  get  up  your  Anchors ; and  in  a 
panic  Fright  put  to  Sea  with  all  the  Confufion 
and  Precipitancy  imaginable. 

The  Spaniards  reported,  however.  That 
their  Admiral,  upon  the  Approach  of  the  Fire- 
Ships,  made  the  Signal  for  weighing  Anchor, 
and  Handing  out  to  Sea;  and  ordered  that 
each  Ship,  after  the  Danger  was  over,  fhould 
return  to  her  Station ; that  he  did  return  him- 
felf,  and  fired  a Gun  as  a Signal  for  the  reft 
to  do  the  like;  but  the  Report  thereof  was 
heard  but  by  few ; becaufe  their  Fears  had  fo 
difperfed  them,  that  fome  were  got  a confide- 
rable  way  out  to  Sea,  and  others  among  the 
Shoals  on  the  Coaft  of  Flanders. 

However  it  was,  the  Spanip  Fleet  being  by 
this  fuccefsful  Stratagem  thus  driven  from  their 
Station  in  Calais-Road  another  very  fharp 
Engagement  began  the  next  Morning  about 
Eight  o’  Clock,  yuly  29,  and  continued  eight 
Hours.  The  chief  Galleafs,  commanded  by 
Hugo  de  Moncada,  having  in  the  laft  Night’s 
Confufion  loft  her  Rudder,  by  falling  foul  of 
another  Ship’s  Cable,  and  floated  up  and  down 
for  fome  time  before  the  Wind,  endea- 
voured to  fave  herfelf  by  rowing  into 
Calais  Harbour ; which  the  Lord  Admiral  per- 
ceiving, he  difpatch’d  Mr.  Amias  Prefion,  one 
of  his  Lieutenants,  into  his  Long-Boat,  with 
Mr.  T’homas  Gerrard,  Mr.  William  Hervey, 
and  others,  to  take  her ; fhe  did  not  however 
furrender  ’till  after  a fharp  and  doubtful  Dif- 
pute,  wherein  Hugo  de  Moncada  was  killed, 
by  a Shot  in  the  Head ; and  the  Soldiers  and 
Rowers  to  the  number  of  four  hundred,  either 
drowned  or  put  to  the  Sword : +5  The  Ship 
and  Guns,  after  the  Englijh  had  freed  three 
hundred  Galley-Slaves  which  were  on  board. 


39  Eman.  Fremofa'%  Examination.  40  Camden,  'thuanus.  Each  of  their  Ships  loft  two  Anchors  here  Em  P c 

See  Strada  de  Bello  Belgico,  Dec,  ii.  lib.  6.  Examinat.  43  Camden,  Burchett,  ' ' ® 

44  Eman.  Fremofa’s  Examinat.  45  Fhuanus,  Lediard 

H 


and 


i8 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


and  taken  out  fifty  thoufand  Ducats  of  Gold, 
of  the  King  of  Spain's  Money,  fell,  as  a 
Wreck  to  Monfieur  Gourden,  Governor  of 
Calais 

In  the  taking  of  this  Galleafs,  Mr.  Ge- 
rard and  Mr.  Har’vey  fignalized  themfelvesj 
for  they  entered  it  only  with  their  Swords  j a 
thing  then  commonly  fpoken  of  with  Admira- 
tion, the  like  having  never  been  hazarded  be- 
fore, conlidering  the  Height  of  this  Galleafs 
compar’d  to  a Ship’s  Boat. 

The  reft  of  the  Spaniards  in  the  mean 
time,  managed  their  Fleet  as  well  as  they  could, 
and  ftood  over  again  ft  Gravelings  where  the 
Englijh  once  more  getting  the  Weather-Gage 
of  them,  deprived  them  of  the  Conveniency  of 
Calais-Road,  and  kept  them  from  receiving  a- 
ny  Supplies  from  Dunkirk. 

Whilft  the  Lord  Admiral  was  employed 
in  taking  the  forementioned  Galleafs,  Sir  Fran- 
cis Drake  in  the  Revenge ^ with  Mr.  Fhomas 
Fenner  in  the  Nonpareil^  and  the  reft  of  his 
Squadron,  warmly  engaged  the  Spanijh  Fleet , 
foon  after  Sir  yohn  Hawkins  in  the  ViBorys 
accompanied  with  Mr.  Edward  Fenton  in  the 
Mary  Rofe,  Sir  George  Beejion  in  the  Dread- 
noughts Mr.  Richard  Hawkins  in  the  Swallow, 
and  the  reft  of  that  Squadron;  together  with 
Sir  Robert  Southwell  in  the  Elizabeth-yonaSs 
and  Mr.  Robert  Crofs  in  the  Hope ; bearing  up 
with  the  Middle  of  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  there 
continued  all  that  Forenoon  a furious  Engage- 
ment, wherein  Sir  George  Eeeflon  behaved  him- 
felf  very  valiantly ; they  were  in  the  mean 
time  feconded  by  the  Lord  Admiral,  the  Lord 
Thomas  Howard,  and  the  Lord  Sheffield,  who 
alfo  acquitted  themfelves  very  bravely : Aftern 
of  thefe  a great  Galleon  was  attack’d  by  the 
Earl  of  Cumberland  and  Mr.  George  Ryman  in 
the  Bonaventure,  and  was  likewife  battered  by 
the  Lord  Henry  Seymour  in  the  Rainbow,  and 
Sir  JVilliam  Winter  in  the  Vanguard ; and 
tho’  (he  then  recovered  the  Fleet,  yet  ftie  funk 
the  Night  following. 

5°  On  the  other  hand,  the  Duke  of  Medina, 
with  the  reft  of  the  Spanijh  Captains,  as  Leva, 
Ocquendo,  Recalde,  ^c.  having  with  much  ado 
got  clear  of  the  Shallows,  were  forced  to  ftand 
the  Brunt  of  the  EngliJlj  Fire,  ’till  they  were 
miferably  torn,  and  in  feveral  Places  Ihot 
through ; ' and  a great  Galleon  of  Bifcay,  of 

Cotton  MSS.  47  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p.  28. 

4*  Hakluyt,  Purchas,  Harris.  49  Cotton  MSS. 

5°  Camden,  Burchett.  * Eman.  Francifco’%  Exatninat. 

* Phuanus,  Purchas,  Harris. 

3 Purchas  and  Harris  call  him  Bauderdues. 

4 Em.  Fremoja'%  and  Em.  Francifco'%  Examinat.  s Burchett. 


five  hundred  Tuns,  with  two  Saicks,  were  funk. 
The  Galleon  St.  Matthew,  of  eight  hundred 
Tuns,  commanded  by  Don  Diego  de  Piemen- 
telli,  coming  to  the  Afliftance  of  Don  Fran- 
cifco  de  Toledo,  in  the  St.  Philip,  another  Gal- 
leon of  feven  hundred  Tuns,  they  were  both 
miferably  fhattered  by  the  Lord  Henry  Sey- 
mour and  Sir  William  Winter ; ' and  being  dri- 
ven on  the  Coaft  of  OJiend,  were  likewife  there 
roughly  handled  by  the  Zealanders ; but  Pie- 
mentelli  refufing  to  leave  his  Ship,  (though  the 
Duke  of  Medina  lent  him  his  own,)  did  all  he 
could  to  difengage  himfelf ; and  tiherefore  ma- 
king towards  the  Coaft  ot  Flanders,  he  was 
there  again  attacked  by  five  Dutch  Men  of 
War,  and  forc’d  at  laft  to  ftrike  to  Peter 
Doufa  % one  of  the  Dutch  Captains,  who  car- 
ried him  into  Zealand,  and,  for  a Trophy  of 
his  Vidlory,  hung  his  Flag  in  the  Church  of 
Leyden,  which  reach’d  from  the  top  of  it  to 
the  bottom ; during  which,  a Cajlilian  Ship 
of  four  hundred  Tuns,  was  caft  away  on  the 
Flemijh  Coaft.  The  St.  Philip',  after  having 
been  driven  almoft  as  far  as  OJiend,  where  her 
Commander  left  her  becaule  Ihe  proved  ex- 
tremely leaky,  was  feized  by  fome  Ships  of 
Flujhing. 

Thus  did  the  Fight  continue  for  the  beft 
part  of  this  whole  Day ; during  which  the  Spa- 
nijh Fleet  was  clofely  purfued,  extremely  let- 
tered, and  reduced  to  the  utmoft  Diftrefs  K 
The  Englijh  Commanders  in  general,  ftiewed 
on  all  Occalions  great  Refolution  and  Bravery  ; 
and  in  this  laft  Action,  the  Earl  of  Cumber- 
land, the  Lords  Henry  Seymour,  Thomas  How- 
ard, and  Edmund  Sheffield’,  Sir  William  Win- 
ter, Sir  Robert  Southwell,  Sir  George  Beejion, 
Sir  yohn  Hawkins ; and  the  Captains  Edward 
Fenton,  Richard  Hawkins,  George  Ryman,  and 
^Robert  Crofs  fignalized  themklves  in  a re- 
markable manner;  the  latter,  in  particular, 
funk  the  great  Galleon  of  Bifcay  above  men- 
tioned, and  two  other  Veflels.  As  for  the 
Spaniards,  though  fome  of  them  performed 
their  Duty,  and  fought  with  great  Bravery, 
yet,  in  general,  they  adled  but  faintly,  and 
ftood  for  the  moft  part  only  upon  the  defen- 
five,  efpecially  after  they  faw  themfelves  difap- 
pointed  of  the  Duke  of  Parma's  Afliftance. 

“ The  Duke  of  Medina,  we  are  told  \ to  his 
“ Difhonour,  was  lodged  in  the  Bottom  of  his 

® This  worthy  Commander,  for  his  gallant  Behaviour  in  this  Aftion, 
and  afterwards  at  the  Overthrow  and  Burning  of  the  Spanijh  Navy 
in  the  Bay  of  Cadiz  1588,  and  Taking  the  Town  1596,  when  he 
was  Vice-Admiral,  was  Knighted,  and  the  following  Motto  added 
to  his  Arms,  se  inseRit  astkis. 

3 Letter  to  B,  Mendoza,  p.  18, 

“ Ship 


(19 


SPANISH 

‘‘  Ship  for  his  Safety,  and  the  reft  of  the 
“ Commanders  would  never  turn  their  Ships, 
“ nor  ftop  them,  to  defend  any  of  their  own 
“ Friends  that  were  forced  to  tarry  behind, 
“ but  ftiffered  divers  to  perifti  5 and  fo  fearful 

was  the  Admiral,  that  if  the  Rnglijh  had 

offered  to  board  the  Spanijh  Ships,  it  was 
“ thought  they  would  have  yielded  without 
‘‘  making  any  Refiftance.”  ® In  this  laft  En- 
gagement the  Spaniards  loft  five  thoufand 
Men,  a thoufand  whereof  were  drowned  ^ 5 
and  the  next  Day  two  Venetian  Ships  funk, 
having  eight  hundred  and  forty  three  Men  on 
board,  which  all  periftied. 

After  this  Fight  there  remained  of  the 
whole  Spaniflj  Fleet  but  one  hundred  and  ten, 
or  one  hundred  and  twelve  Ships,  and  thofe 
extremely  battered  and  ftiot  through,  and  ha- 
ving their  Rigging  much  damaged  with  the 
Shot. 

" The  next  Day,  yuly  30,  the  Lord  Ad- 
miral ordered  the  Lord  Henry  Seymour^  and 
Sir  William  Winter  to  return  back  with  their 
Squadron  into  the  narrow  Seas,  to  guard  the 
Coafts;  as  for  himlelf,  he  refolved  to  follow 
the  Spanijh  Fleet,  ’till  they  came  as  far  North- 
ward as  the  Forth  in  Scotland,  if  they  bent 
their  Courfe  that  way ; and,  in  the  mean  time, 
he  thought  it  beft  not  to  attack  them  any 
more,  ’till  he  faw  what  they  propofed  to  do : 
However,  being  perfliaded  that  they  intended 
to  put  into  the  Firth  of  Forth,  his  Lordfhip 
had  Hevifed  Stratagems,  and  taken  Meafures  to 
make  an  utter  End  of  them  there, 

yuly  31.  This  Day  the  Spaniards  would 
fain  have  retreated,  early  in  the  Morning,  thro’ 
the  Streights  of  Dover ; but  the  Wind  coming 
up  with  hard  Gales  at  North  Weft,  forced 
them  towards  the  Coaft  of  Zealand ; the  Fn- 
glip  then  gave  over  the  Chace,  becaufe  they 
perceived  them  haftening  faft  enough  to  their 
own  Deftru^tion  j for  with  the  Wind  at  Weft 
North-Weft,  they  could  not  fail  of  being  driven 
among  the  Shallows  and  Sands  of  that  Coaft : 
But  the  Wind  foon  happening  to  come  about 
to  the  South-Weft  and  by  Weft,  Spaniards 
tacked,  and  failing  before  the  Wind,  got  out  of 
Danger.  In  the  Evening,  they  held  a Council 
of  War,  wherein  it  was  unanimoufly  refolved 
That  feeing  they  were  in  want  of  many  Ne- 
ceffaries,  efpecially  of  Cannon-Ball,  that  the 
Ships  were  very  much  ftiattered,  their  Anchors 
left  in  Calais-Road,  their  Provifions  ftiort,  their 
Water  fpent,  a great  number  of  their  Soldiers 

* Em.  Fremofa's  Examinat.  9 y,  Antonios  Examinat. 

Em,  Francifco%  and  y de  le  Concedd%  Examinat. 


INVASION. 

flain,  many  of  their  Men  fick  and  wounded, 
and  that  there  was  no  hopes  of  the  Duke  of 
Parma’s  coming  out  to  join  them,  they  fliould 
return  to  Spain,  by  the  North  of  Scotland. 
Purfuant  to  this  Refolution,  being  now  out  of 
Danger,  and  in  the  main  Ocean,  and  having 
thrown  all  their  Horfes  and  Mules  over  board 
to  fave  Water,  they  fteerM  North-  CENERat 
ward,  and  the  Englijh  renew’d  the  chart. 
Chace  after  them  now  and  then  the  Spanijh 
Ships  flacken’d  their  Sails,  and  feem’d  to  ftay 
for  the  coming  up  of  the  Englijh,  fo  that  it 
was  generally  thought  their  Fleet  would  tack 
about,  but  they  thought  beft,  after  all,  to  keep 
on  their  Courfe  Northward. 

Here  it  will  not  be  improper  to  leave  them 
for  a while,  and  fee  what  was  doing  in  the 
mean  time  in  England'^. 

The  9*  of  Auguji  Queen  Elizab^h  was 
pleafed,  in  order  both  to  com.fort  her  People, 
and  to  (hew  her  own  Magnanimity,  to  come 
and  view  her  Army  and  Camp  at  Filbury, 
the  next  Morning  after  her  Arrival,  (he  rode 
with  a General’s  Truncheon  in  her  Hand, 
thro’  all  the  Ranks  of  the  Army,  like  armed 
Pallas,  attended  by  the  Earls  of  Leicejier  and 
EJfex,  Henry  Norris,  Lord  Marfhall,  and  o- 
thers ; having  the  Sword  carried  before  her  by 
the  Earl  of  Ormond ; and  among  other  kind 
and  obliging  Dlfcourfes,  made  the  following 
moft  excellent  Speech  to  her  Army  ; 

My  loving  People, 

TTVE  have  been  perfuaded  by  fome  that  are 
careful  of  our  Safety,  to  take  heed  how 
we  commit  ourfelves  to  armed  Multitudes ; but 
I ajfure  you,  I do  not  defre  to  live  to  diflrufi 
my  faithful  and  loving  People.  Let  Lyrants 
fear  5 / have  always  fo  behaved  myfelf  that  un- 
der God  / have  placed  my  chief efl  Strength 
and  Safeguard  in  the  loyal  Hearts  and  Good- 
Will  of  my  SubjeSis ; and  therefore  I am  come 
among  ft  you,  as  you  fee  at  this  time,  not  for 
my  Recreation  and  Difport,  but  being  refolved, 
in  the  Midjl  and  Heat  of  the  Battle,  to  live 
or  die  amongjl  you  all  j to  lay  down  for  my 
God,  and  for  my  Kingdom,  and  for  my  Peo- 
ple, my  Honour  and  my  Blood,  even  in  the 
Duft.  I know  / have  the  Body  but  of  a weak 
and  feeble  Woman,  but  I have  the  Heart  and 
Stomach  of  a King,  and  of  a King  of  England 
too  and  think  foul  Scorn  that  Parma  or 
Spain,  or  any  Prince  of  Europe,  floould  dare 

” Cot 1 071  MSS.  T/juanus.  " Caftiden,  Burchett,  Strada. 

’3  Harris,  Lediard.  h Speed,  p.  862.  's  Cabala,  p.  373. 

I to 


2.0 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


to  invade  the  Borders  of  my  Realm ; to  which., 
rather  than  any  Dijhonour  jball  grow  by  me, 
J myfelf  will  take  up  Arms,  I myfelf  will  be 
your  General,  fudge,  and  Rewarder  qf  every 
one  of  your  Virtues  in  the  Field.  1 know  al- 
ready for  your  Forwardnefs,  you  have  deferved 
Rewards  and  Crowns-,  and  we  do  afjure  you,  in 
the  Word  of  a Prince,  they  Jhall  be  duly  paid 
you.  In  the  mean  time,  my  Lieutenant-Gene- 
ral jhall  be  in  my  jlead,  than  whom  never 
Prince  commanded  a more  noble  or  worthy  Sub- 
jeSi ; not  doubting  but  by  your  Obedience  to  my 
General,  by  your  Concord  in  the  Camp,  and 
your  Valour  in  the  Field,  we  jhall  jhortly  have 
a famous  Vi&ory  over  thofe  Enemies  of  my 
God,  of  my  Kingdoms,  and  of  my  People. 

It  is  fcarce  to  be  conceived  what  a Spirit 
of  Bravery  this  great  Queen’s  Prefence  and  no- 
ble Behaviour  infus’d  into  the  Officers  and 
Soldiers:  They  faluted  her  with  Cries,  with 

Shouts,  with  all  Tokens  of  Love,  of  Obedi- 
ence, and  of  Readinefs  to  fight  for  her  -,  they 
praifed  her  (lately  Perfon  and  princely  Beha- 
viour, prayed  for  her  Life  and  Happinefs,  and 
curfed  all  her  Enemies,  both  Traitors  and  Pa- 
pifts,  with  earned  Defire  to  venture  their  Lives 
for  her  Safety:  One  who  was  an  Eye  Wit- 
nefs  relates  moreover,  that  “ the  whole  Armie 
“ in  every  Quarter,,  did  devoutely,  at  certaine 
“ Times,  fing  in  her  hearing,  in  a very  tuna- 
“ ble  manner,  divers  Pfalmes  put  into  Forme 
“ of  Prayers  in  Praife  of  Almighty  God, 
“ which  (he  greatly  commended,  and  with 
“ very  earned  Speech  thanked  God  with 
‘‘  them 

Next,  if  we  look  into  Flanders,  we  (hall 
find,  “ that  on  the  •xf'  of  July,  the  Duke  of 
Parma  having  paid  his  Addredes  to  our  Lady 
of  Halle,  came  to  Dunkirk,  tho’  fomething 
of  the  lated ; for  which  Reafon  the  Spaniards 
received  him  in  a very  reproachful  manner; 
as  if,  out  of  fome  By-Regards  to  Queen  Eli- 
zabeth, he  had  defignedly  (lipt  fo  fair  an  Op- 
portunity of  doing  Wonders  for  the  Service  of 

Camden.  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p.  22.  ’*  Ibid. 

’9  One  Night,  as  the  Oueen  was  in  the  Camp,  guarded  by  her 
Army,  the  Lord  Treafurer  Burleigh  came  thither,  and  delivered  to 
the  Earl  of  Leicejler  the  Examination  of  Don  Pedro,  who  was  ta- 
ken and  brought  in  by  Sir  Francis  Drake-,  the  Sum  of  which  was 
this;  Don  Pedro  being  afked  what  was  the  Intent  of  their  coming, 
ftoutl.v  anfwer’d  the  Lords,  What,  but  to  fubdue  your  Nation,  .and 
root'it  out.  Good,  faid  the  Lords,  and  what  meant  you  then  to  do 
with  the  Catholicks  ? He  anfwered.  We  meant  to  fend  them  (good 
Men)  diredlly  unto  Heaven,  as  all  you  that  are  Hereticks  to  HelL 
Yea  but,  faid  the  Lords,  What  meant  you  to  do  with  your  Whips 
of  Cord  and  Wyer  ? (whereof  they  had  great  Store  in  their  Ships,) 
What,  faid  he,  we  meant  to  whip  you  Hereticks  to  Death,  that 
have  aflifted  my  Mafter’s  Rebels,  and  done  fuch  Dilhonours  to  our 
Catliolick  King  and  People.  Yea,  but  what  would  you  have  done 


his  Country.  The  Duke,  to  appeafe  this 
Storm,  punifh’d  thofe  who  had  the  Charge  of 
Vi6iualling  his  Fleet;  but,  however,  he  did 
not  attempt  to  put  to  Sea,  being  dill  block’d 
up  by  the  Lord  Henry  SeymouPs  and  Sir  Wil- 
liam JVinter\  Squadron,  which  were  returned 
from  the  Chace.  In  the  mean  time,  he  could 
not  but  (ecretly  laugh  at  the  (aucy  and  info- 
lent  Brags  of  the  Spaniards,  whom  he  had 
heard  talking  at  this  vain  rate,  “ That  where- 
“ ever  they  turn’d  their  Sails,  a moft  certain 
‘‘  Victory  waited  upon  their  Courfe,  and  that 
“ the  Englijh  would  not  have  Courage  enough 
“ to  look  them  in  the  Face.” 

To  return  now  to  the  two  Fleets.  We  left 
the  Spaniards  failing  Northward,  and  the  Eng- 
liffi  in  Purfuit  of  them : When  the  latter 
were  come  to  fifty  five  Degrees  thirteen  Mi- 
nutes North  Latitude,  and  thirty  Leagues  Eaft 
of  Newcaftle,  the  Lord  High  Admiral  deter- 
mined to  attack  the  Spanijh  Fleet  again  on  the 
Friday  following,  Augujl  2,  but  he  thought 
fit  to  alter  his  Refolution,  chiefly  upon  thele 
two  Accounts : Becaufe  he  plainly  perceived 
by  the  Enemies  Courfe,  that  they  had  no  Qther 
Intention  but  to  fave  themfelves,  by  failing 
North,  round  the  Britijh  Iflands;  and,  be- 
caufe feveral  of  his  Ships  wanted  Vi6luals  and 
other  NecelTaries;  which  was  not  (b  much 
owing  to  any  Negle£l,  as  to  the  Vidluallers 
not  knowing  where  to  fend  to  the  Fleet ; for 
the  Queen  had  moft  amply  and  carefully  pro- 
vided whatever  was  convenient  and  neceflTary. 

It  was  therefore  concluded,  to  leave  the  Spa- 
nijh Fleet  to  purfue  their  Courfe,  and  to  fail 
for  the  Firth  of  Forth-,  both  to  get  Refreffi- 
ment,  and  to  perform  fome  other  Bufmels 
which  the  Lord  Admiral  thought  neceflary  to 
be  done ; but  the  Wind  coming  contrary,  that 
is  Wefterly,  the  next  Day  his  Lordfhip  al- 
tered his  Courfe,  and  fending  only  (bme  Ad- 
vice-Boats to  obferve  the  Enemies  farther  Mo- 
tion, he  returned  with  the  whole  Fleet  back  to 
England,  where  they  arrived,  fome  at  Tar- 

faid  they,  with  their  young  Children.  They,  faid  he,  which  were 
above  (even  Years  old  fhould  have  gone  the  Way  their  Fathers 
went;  the  reft  ftiould  have  lived,  branded  in  the  Forehead  with  the 
Letter  L,  for  Lutheran,  to  perpetual  Bondage,  Cabala,  p.  372.  Let- 
ter to  Mendoza,  p.  37. It  was  alfo  publifhed,  that  the  L8rds  of 

Spain  which  were  in  the  Navy,  had  made  a fpecial  Divifion  amongft 
themfelves,  of  all  the  Noblemens  Houfes  in  England  by  their  Names, 
and  had  in  a fort  quartered  England  among  themfelves,  and  had  de- 
termined of  fundry  manners  of  cruel  Death,  both  of  the  Nobility 
and  the  reft  of  the  People,  The  Ladies,  Women,  and  Maidens 
were  alfo  deftined  to  all  Villany;  the  rich  Merchants  Houfes  in  Lon- 
don were  put  into  a Regifter,  by  their  very  Names,  and  limited  to 
the  Companies  of  the  Squadrons  of  the  Navy  for  their  Spoil.  Letter 
to  Mendoza,  p.  37. 

Camden,  Lhuanus,  “ Cotton  MSS. 


mouth. 


21 


SPANISH  INVASION. 


mouthy  fome  at  Harwich^  and  others  at  the 
Downs,  about  the  7*  of  Augufl. 

The  Spaniards  being  now  got  clear  of  their 
troublefome  Purfuers,  refolv’d  to  make  the  beft 
of  their  way  for  Spain.  Some  Sufpicions 
there  were,  that  they  defign’d  to  betake  them- 
feives  to  the  King  of  Scots,  who  was  provok’d 
to  an  high  degree  for  his  Mother’s  Death ; and 
therefore,  the  better  to  keep  him  in  Temper, 
Ajhby,  the  Queen  of  England^  AmbafTador 
in  Scotland,  made  him  very  confiderable  Of- 
fers, which,  however,  were  not  performed  : 
But  the  Spaniards  having  nOw  laid  afide  all 
Thoughts  and  Hopes  of  returning  to  attack 
the  Englijh ; and  perceiving  their  main  Safety 
lay  in  their  Flight,  they  made  no  Stop  at  any 
Port  whatever.  About  twenty  five  Ships 
now  remain’d  with  the  Duke  of  Medina,  and 
forty  with  Re c aide ; thefe,  with  the  reft  of 
the  Fleet,  fail’d  about  Cathnefs  for  the  Coaft 
of  Ireland,  and  pafs’d  between  the  Orcades 
and  Fair-ipe,  to  the  fixty  firft  Degree  of 
North  Latitude ; an  unaccuftom’d  Place  for 
the  young  Gallants  of  Spain,  that  had  never 
felt  Storms  on  the  Sea,  or  cold  Weather  in 
Augufl. 

When  the  Engliflj  left  off  purfuing  the 
Spaniards,  the  latter  wanted  of  their  whole 
Fleet  fifteen  or  fixteen  Ships ; and  had  loft,  in 
the  feveral  Engagements,  and  by  Sicknefs,  eight 
thoufand  Men  at  leaft. 

And  here  their  ill  Fortune  did  not  ftop,  but 
continued  to  perfecute  them  all  the  reft  of 
their  Voyage  j ^Mor  on  the  Coaft  of  Scotland 
they  loft  the  two  following  Ships,  which  had 
been  fo  extremely  battered  by  the  Englijh  Shot, 
that  they  founder’d  at  Sea  j namely,  the  St. 
Matthew,  a Ship  of  five  hundred  Tuns,  in 
which  four  hundred  and  fifty  Men  were  drown- 
ed 5 and  a Bifcainer  of  St.  Sebafliads,  of  four 
hundred  Tuns,  in  which  three  hundred  and 
fifty  Men  periftied ; Moreover,  in  theft  or 
other  Ships,  above  ftven  hundred  Soldiers  were 
caft  on  Shore  in  Scotland,  who,  by  the  Duke 
of  Parmds  Mediation  with  the  King  of  Scots. 
and  with  Queen  Elizabeths  Permiflion,  were 
fent  over,  a Year  after,  into  the  Low-Coun- 
tries. 

About  four  Days  after  the  Englijh 
left  the  Spaniards,  they  came  to  an  I Hand  in 
the  North  Part  of  Scotland,  where  they  ft^id 
not,  nor  had  any  Relief:  And  at  this  Place 
the  Duke  of  Medina  calling  all  the  Ships  to- 


gether, charged  them  to  make  the  beft  of  their 
way  for  the  Coafts  of  Spain  or  Portugal,  be- 
cauft  they  were  in  the  utmoft  Diftrefs  for  want 
of  Victuals  and  other  Provifions. 

For  an  Addition  to  their  Misfortunes,  a- 
bout  the  23'^  of  Augufl,  when  there  were  ft- 
venty  eight  Ships  of  them  together  failing  in 
the  Ocean,  a violent  Storm  aroft  at  South- 
South- Weft,  which  continued  from  Four  o’ 
Clock  in  the  Afternoon  ’till  Ten  the  next 
Morning,  and  ftparated  them  fo,  that  not  a- 
bove  twenty  ftven  of  them  were  to  be  ften  to- 
gether : And  again,  on  the  2^  of  September, 
they  had  another  violent  Storm,  with  a Mift, 
which  fo  difperfed  them,  that  of  the  forefaid 
twenty  ftven,  only  three  came  togetherc  into 
Dingle-Bay  -,  and  during  their  Paflage  round 
the  North  of  Scotland,  they  had  fo  terrible  a 
Sicknefs,  that  their  Mariners  and  Soldiers  died 
daily  in  great  Multitudes. 

As  for  the  Particulars  of  the  Ships  funk, 
and  Men  drowned,  killed,  and  taken  upon  the 
Coaft  of  Ireland,  during  the  Month  of  Sep- 
tember, they  were  as  follows  : 


In  Tirconnel  in  Loughfoyle 


In  Comaught 


''in  Slego-Haven 
in  Ttrawley 
in  Clare-ljland 
in  Ftuglajfe 
in  O' fla’ rue 
in  Irrife 


In  Munflert 


I Ship  1100 

and  others  that  efcaped, 
3 great  Ships  ijoo 
I Ship  400 

I 300 

I 400 

1 200 

2 Ships,  the  Men 
efcaped  into  other  VelTeJs. 

in  Gallway-Bay  \ Ship  70 

in  the  Shannon  2 Ships  doo 

in  the  fame  i Ship  burnt,  the 

^ Men  embarked  in  another  Ship, 

in  Traylie,  Sept.  7.  i Ship  14 

in  Dtngle  i 

Sn.  Defmond,  Sept.  10.  i 


In  all  17  Ships.  Men  J394 


” Befides  whfth.  Our  Lady  of  the  Rofary, 
the  Admiral  Ship  of  the  Guypufcoan  Squadron, 
of  near  a thoufand  Tuns,  and  thirty  Guns, 
that  had  fifty  Brafs  Field-Pieces  on  board,  was 
loft  upon  the  Rocks  in  Blejkey-Souhd fo  that 
of  five  hundred  Men,  only  one  eftap’d  3 and 
in  this  periftied  the  Prince  of  Afcula,  a natural 
Son  of  King  Philip,  Mighel  de  Oquendo  the 
Captain,  and  feveral  other  confiderable  and  e~ 
minent  Perfons. 

According  to  other  Accounts  nine  Spanijh 


Camden.  *3  J,  Antonio's  Examinat.  *+  Harris,  C^c. 
*5  Appendix  to  Letter  to  Mendoza,  p.  i. 

J.  A.  de  Momma's  Examinat.  *7  Ibid.  Camden. 


'9  Fhuanus.  Eman.  Fremofa's  Examinat.  and  Re-Examinat. 

3'  Certain  Advertifements  out  of  Ireland,  Printed  in  1588. 

3^  Ibid.  33  Ibtd.  34  Appendix  to  Letter  to  Mendoza,  p.  2. 

K Ships 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


Ships  were  driven  aftiore  between  the  Rivers  of 
Jjou^h^Foilc  and  Lou^h~Swill6y^  many  whereof 
were  broken  to  Pieces,  and  the  SpctitinT'ds  for»< 
ced  to  ftielter  among  the  wild  Irijh. 

As  for  fuch  of  the  Spaniards  as  had  the 
ill  Fortune  to  be  drove  upon  the  Irijh  Shore, 
they  met  with  the  moft  barbarous  Treatment  | 
for  fome  of  them  were  butcher’d  by  the  wild 
Irijh^  and  the  reft  put  to  the  Sword  by  the 
Lord  Deputy  Sir  William  Fitz-Williams,  who 
fearing  they  might  join  with  the  Irijh  Male- 
contents,  and  obferving  that  Bingham^  Gover- 
nor of  Connaught  treated  them  with  more  Gen- 
tlenels  than  he  had  leveral  times  ordered  him 
to  doj  upon  their  Surrender,  he  difpatched 
Fowle^  Deputy  Marftial,  to  execute  his  Or- 
ders ; who  firft  diilodg’d  them  from  the  Places 
where  they  lay  conceal’d,  and  then  executed 
about  two  hundred  of  them : But  this  Rigour 
the  Queen  condemn’d,  and  complain’d  of  as 
too  extreme : However,  the  reft  being  terrified 
by  this  way  of  proceeding,  tho’  they  were  fick 
and  half  familh’d,  yet  chofe  to  truft  themfelves 
to  their  lhatter’d  Barks,  and  the  Mercy  of  the 
Seas ; and  fo  became  many  of  them  a Sacrifice 
to  the  Waves.  The  Duke  of  Medina^  with 
twenty  or  tv/enty  five  Ships,  keeping  in  the 
Ocean,  return’d  to  Spain. 

About  forty  of  the  Spanijh  Ships'  fell  in 
with  the  Irijh  Coaft,  and  intended  to  touch  at 
Cape  Clear.,  in  hopes  of  meeting  there  with 
fome  Refreftiment ; but  the  Wind  proving  con- 
trary, and  the  Weather  tempeftuous,  many  of 
them  perifti’d  on  that  Coaft  j ” of  thofe  that 
got  off,  fome  were  driven  by  a ftrong  Weft 
Wind  into  the  Englijh  Channel,  where  part 
of  them  were  attack’d  again  and  taken  by  the 
Engliflo,  others  by  the  Rochellers,  and  fon^ 
arriv’d  at  Nevohaven  (or  Havre  de  Grace)  in 
Normandy. 

Such  were  the  Spaniards  Loftes  of  Men  and 
Ships,  in  their  return  round  Ireland.  ' 

The  Loftes  they  had  fuffered  before,  were 
thus: 


Aug. 


30. 


Lofs  of  Ships. 

Men. 

A great  Venetian  Ship,? 
and  other  fmaller  ones,  S 

taken 

X 

The  chief  Galleafs, 

taken 

I 

6U 

A great  Galleon, 

funk 

X 

A Galleon  of  Bifcay 

funk 

r 

Two  Saicks 

funk 

z 

The  Galleon,  St.'Matth.  takrai 

I 

The  Galleon  St.  Philip 

taken 

I 

both  by  the  Flufhingers. 

A Caftilian  Ship 

wreck  d 

I 

Two  Venetian  Ships 

funk 

z 

845 

The  St.  Matthew 

funk 

I 

4JO 

A Bifcayner 

funk 

I 

3yo 

both  on  the  Coaft  of  Scotland. 

Two  loft  upon  the  Coaft  of  > 

Norway, 

X 

Total  of  Ships  18  Men  8 000 
at  leaft. 


Lofs  of  Ships. 

duhj  ii.  The  Spant(h  Vice-Admiral^ 

Ship  difabled  at  the  firft  En->  i 
gagement  near  Eddyflom,  ) 

T).  Pedro  de  Faldez’sG&W.  taken  i 
Oquendo  % Ship,  St.  Anne,  burnt  i 


Men. 


40 

411 

zSp 


-35  Camden.  36  ^eed,  Harris.  37  Grotius,  Sfrada. 

3*  This  Account  is  taken  from  the  relation  given  above,  and  from 
certain  Advertifements  out  of  Ireland,  and  Depolitions  of  Prifoners, 
printed  'in  1588.  with  which  Strada  and  the  Spanijh  Writers  agree. 
But  our  Aiftprians  vary  extremely  in  this,  as  well  as  other  Particu- 
lars: Hakluyt,  vol.  i,  p.  604.  and  others,  fay  the  Spaniards  loft 
eighty  one  Ships  out  of  their  hundred  and  thirty  two;  and  that  there 
^sturn’d  .to  Spain  only  one  of  the  GallealTes  of  Naples,  one  of  the 


So  that  by  adding  their  feveral  Loftes  toge- 
ther, it  plainly  appears,  they  loft  thirty 
FIVE  Ships,  and  above  thirteen  thousand 
Men ; befides  many  others  of  which  no  Efti- 
mate  was  or  could  be  made^® ; and  above  two 
thoufand  Prifoners  were  taken  in  the  Fi^t  in 
Ireland.,  and  the  Low-Countries:  Thofe  taken 
in  Ireland  were  brought  to  England^^,  and 
confined  in  Bridewell  ’till  they  were  ranfomed. 
The  moft  eminent  of  the  Prifoners  were,  Don 
Pedro  de  Valdez,  Don  Vafquez  de  Silvea, 
Don  Alonzo  de  Sayes,  and  others  taken  in  the 
Channel  5 in  Ireland,  Don  Alonzo  de  Luzon, 
Roderigo  de  Lajjb,  ^c.  in  Zealand,  Don  Die- 
go Piementelli,  In  a Word,  there  was 

hardly  a noble  Family  in  all  Spain,  that  did 
not  lole  a Son,  a Brother,  or  a Kinfman  j up- 
on which  account  the  Mourning  was  fb  univer- 
fal  in  that  whole  Kingdom,  that  King  Philip 
was  obliged  by  Proclamation  to  (horten  the  u- 
fual'Time;  as  the  Romans  of  old,  upon  their 
great  Defeat  of  Canna,  found  it  neceftary  to 
limit  the  publick  Mourning  to  thirty  Days. 

■*'  The  lhatter’d  Remains  of  the  Spanijj)  Fleet 
after  having  weather’d  many  Storms,  and  fuf- 
fered all  the  Inconveniences  of  War  and  Wea- 
ther, arriv’d  at  laft,  about  the  End  of  Septem- 
ber, at  St,  Andero,  and  other  Ports  of  Spain, 
laden  with  nothing  but  Shame  and  Dilhonour. 
The  Duke  of  Medina  was  forbid  the  Court, 
and  ordered  to  go  and  live  privately  5 Marti- 
nez de  Recalde  died  immediately  after  his  Re- 

four  Galleons  of  Portugal,  and  thirty  three  of  the  Galleons  and 
Hulks  from  divers  Provinces,  &c.  Stow  affirms  there  return’d  to 
Spain  only  threefcore  Sail ; and  others  fay  only  fifty  three.  See  Pur- 
chas,  Thuanus  1.  Ixxxix.  Harris,  Speed,  &c. 

39  Strype's  Annals  vol.  iii,  p.  J33.  Don  Pedro  de  Valdez,  who  was 
Sir  Francis  Drake'&PiiCcmer,  remained  three  or  four  Years  in  Eng- 
land, and  paid  three  thoufand  five  hundred  Pounds  for  his  Ranfom, 
Ibid.  p.  532.  ^ Strada,  Grotius.  ♦*  Camden. 

turn; 


^3 


SPANISH  I 

turn ; and  two  of  their  Ships  were  accidentally 
burnt  in  the  Harbour  not  long  after  their  Ar- 
rival. Surely  fuch  a Series  of  ill  Succels  was 
hardly  ever  known  in  any  other  Age  or  Nation. 

As  for  the  Englijh  they  loft  only  Captain 
Coxe*s  Ship  abovementioned,  and  not  more  than 
one  hundred  Men. 

Such  was  the  End  of  the  formidable  Spanijh 
Armada,  that  had  been  three  Years  fitting  out 
at  a vaft  Expence;  and  which  in  lefs  than 
three  Months  was  Ihameftilly  beaten,  and  put 
to  a moft  ignominious  Flight,  without  taking 
at  the  fame  time,  in  feveral  Engagements,  and 
in  many  Days  Fight,  any  Englijh  Ship  or  Boat, 
or  making  one  Prifoner;  not  having  fo  much 
as  fired  a Cottage  at  Land,  or  taken  a Cock- 
Boat  of  ours  at  Sea,  as  the  Lord  Bacon  ob- 
ferves‘'^%  it  wandered  through  the  Wildernefs 
of  the  Northern  Seas ; and,  according  to  the 
Curfe  in  Scripture,  Came  out  againjl  us  one 
way,  and  fled  before  us  feven  ways.  Well 
might  the  Spaniards  marvel  at  this,  and  be 
heartily  vexed,  as  one  of  their  Friends  obferves 
they  did ; fo  as  fome  of  them  to  fay  in  their 
Anguifti  of  Heart,  “ That  in  all  thefe  Fights, 
“ Christ  ftiewed  himfelf  a Lutheran  ! Surely 

it  is  moft  manifeft,  as  he  goes  on.  That  in 
“ all  this  Voiage,  from  the  Armada’s  coming 
“ out  of  Lijbon^  even  to  the  very  laft,  God 
“ fhewed  no  Favour  to  the  Spaniards  any  one 
‘‘  Day,  as  he  did  continually  to  the  Englijhl'* 

For  this  fignal  Deliverance,  the  T hanks  of 
all  true  Lovers  of  their  County,  and  of  the 
Proteftant  Religion,  are  due  to  that  Almighty 
Being,  by  whofe  Afliftance  their  Anceftors  ob- 
tained the  Victory ; and  it  ought  at  the  fame 
time,  to  make  them  love  and  reverence  the  Me- 
mory of  that  wife  and  excellent  Queen,  by 
whofe  Prudence  and  good  Management  they 
were  enabled  to  conquer. 

Upon  the  firft  News  of  this  wonderful  De- 
liverance and  Victory,  the  Kingdom  was  filled 
with  Joy,  and  a Senfe  of  Gratitude  to  God. 
The  firft  Notice  given  of  it  in  publick,  was 
on  the  2.0*  of  Augufi,  when  Nowel  Dean  of 
St.  PauVs  preached  at  the  Crofs  a Thankfgiv- 
ing  Sermon  before  the  Lord-Mayor,  Aldermen, 
and  the  Companies  in  their  beft  Liveries.  A- 
aain  September  the  8*  being  another  and  chief 
Thankfgiving  Day,  the  Preacher  at  St.  PauPs 
Crofs  moved  the  People  to  give  Thanks  for 

See  Letter  to  Mendoza,  p.  17.  Of  a War  with  Spain. 
Sec  his  Works,  Fol.  voLiii.  p.  523,  Sfir. 


NVASION,  m 

their  Enemies  Overthrow;  and  at  the  fame 
time  were  fet  upon  the  lower  Battlements  of 
the  Church,  eleven  Enfigns  or  Banners  taken 
from  the  Spanijh  Fleet ; one  Streamer  in  parti- 
cular, on  which  was  reprefented  the  Virgin 
Mary  with  her  Son  in  her  Arms,  was  held  in 
a Man’s  Hand  over  the  Pulpit : Thefe  Banners 
were  afterwards  carried  to  the  Crofs  in  Cheap- 
fide  and  the  next  Day,  September  9,  were 
hanged  on  London-Bridge  towards  Southwark^ 
where  the  Fair  was  kept.  The  17*  of  No- 
vember being  Sunday^  was  another  Rejoicing- 
Day,  as  well  upon  account  of  the  C^een’s 
Acceflion  to  the  Throne,  as  for  this  Victory. 
Her  Majefty  intended  to  have  been  at  PauPs 
Crofs,  to  hear  a Sermon  preach’d  by  Dr.  Coo- 
per Bifhop  of  PPinchefler,  and  Provifion  had 
accordingly  been  made  for  her  Reception ; but 
upon  fome  Occafion  or  other,  her  coming  was 
put  off  ’till  the  Sunday  following:  The  19* 
being  SPuefday  was  a general  Thankfgiving-Day 
throughout  the  whole  Kingdom,  The  next 
Sunday.,  November  24,  the  Queen,  attended 
by  her  Privy  Council,  by  the  Nobility,  and 
other  honourable  Perfons,  as  well  Spiritual  as 
Temporal,  in  great  number,  the  French  Am- 
baffador,  the  Judges,  the  Heralds,  and  T rum- 
peters  all  on  Horfeback,  came  in  a Chariot 
fupported  by  four  Pillars,  and  drawn  by  two 
white  Horfes,  to  St.  PauPs  Church ; where  a- 
lighting  at  the  Weft  Door,  fhe  fell  on  her 
Knees,  and  audibly  praifed  God  for  her  own 
and  the  Nation’s  fignal  Deliverance;  and,  af- 
ter a Sermon  fuitable  to  the  Occafion,  preached 
by  Dr.  Pierce,  Bifhop  of  Sarum,  fhe  exhorted 
the  People  in  a moft  Royal  and  Chriftian  man- 
ner, to  a due  Performance  of  the  religious  Duty 
of  Thankfgiving ; then  going  to  the  Bifhop  of 
London's  Palace,  where  fhe  dined,  fhe  returned 
in  the  fame  Order  as  before,  by  Torch-light, 
to  Somerfet-Houfe. 

Thofe  brave  Men  that  had  ventur’d  their 
Lives  in  the  Defence  of  their  Country,  were 
confidered  and  rewarded  by  the  Queen.  She 
fettled  a Penfion  on  the  Lord  High-Admiral 
for  his  great  Service,  and  bellow’d  a handfome 
yearly  Allowance  on  the  poor  and  difabled 
Seamen;  and  upon  all  Occafions  fhe  diftin- 
guifh’d  the  reft  of  the  Officers,  Soldiers,  and 
Sailors  with  particular  Marks  of  her  Regard 
and  Efteem ; but  their  Rewards  confifted  gene- 
rally more  in  Words  than  in  Deeds. 

Letter  to  Mendoza,  p.  17.  +5  Strype'^  Ann.  vol.  iii.  p.  525. 

Stow’s  Ann.  Letter  to  B.  Mendoza,  p,  37.  vj  Camden. 


L 


A fhbrt 


A ftiort  Explanation  and  Account 
of  what  is  contained  in  each  of  the  ten 
Tapeftry-Plates,  and  the  ten  Charts. 

The  firft  Plate  of  the  Tapeftry  and  Chart  L - reprefent  the  Sfanijh 
Fleet  coming  up-  the  Channel,  oppofite  to  the  Lizard,  as  it  was 
firft  difcDvered.  See  Account,  of  the  Spanijh  Invafon,  p.  12,  13. 
Plate  H.  and  Chart  II.  The  Spanijh  Fleet  agajnft  Fowey,  drawn  up 
in  the  Form  of  a Half  Moon,  and  the  Englijh  Fleet  purfuing  them. 
Account,  &c.  p.  13. 

Plate  III.  and  Chart  III.  At  the  left  Hand  Corner  is  reprefented  the 
■firft  Engagement  between  ihc  Spanijh  Englijh  Fleets:  After 
which  the  Englijh  give  Chace  to  the  Spaniards,  who  draw  them- 
felves  up  into  a Roundel.  Account,  (Sc.  ibid. 

Plate  IV.  and  Chart  IV.  De  Valdez's  Galleon  fprings  her  Foremaft, 
and  is  taken  by  Sir  Francis  Drake.  The  Lord- Admiral  with  the 
Bear  and  Mary  Rofe,  purfue  the  Enemy,  who  are  in  the  Form  of 
a Half  Moon.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  13,  14. 

Plate  V.  and  Chart  .V.  The  Admiral  of  the  Guypufcoan  Squadron 
being  fet  on  Fire,  is  taken  -by  the  Englijh.  The  reft  of  the  Spa~ 
nijh  Fleet  continue  their  Courfe  in  the  Form  of  a Half  Moon: 
Ajid  when  both  Fleets  were  againft  the  Ifle  of  Portland,  they 
come  to  an  Engagement.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  14. 

Plate  VI.  and  Chart  VI.  Some  Englijh  Ships  attack  the  Spanijh 
Fleet  to  the  Weftward.  The  Spaniards  draw  themfelves  into  a 
Roundel:  And  afterwards  keeping  on  their  Courfe,  are  followed 
by  the  Englijh.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  14,  15. 

Plate  VII.  and  Chart  VII.  Reprefent  the  ftiarpeft  Engagement  that 
happen’d  between  the  two  Fleets,  on  fuly  25,  againft  the  Ifle  of 
Wight.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  15. 

In  Plate  VIII.  and  Chart  VIII.  the  Spanijh  Fleet  is  feen  failing  up 
4he  Channel,  intending  to  ftop  at  Dunkirk  or  Calais,  where  they 
were  to  be  join’d  by  the  Duke  of  Parma : The  Englijh  follow 
them  clofe.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  16. 

Plate  IX.  and  Chart  IX.  The  Spaniards  come  to  an  Anchor  before 
Calais,  from  whence  they  are  diflodg’d  by  the  Firelhips  fent  a- 
mongft  them  in  the  Night:  The  Englijh  prepare  to  purfue  them. 
Account,  (Sc.  p.  16,  17. 

Plate  X.  and  Chart  X.  The  Spaniards  make  the  beft  of  their  way 
for  the  Northern  Seas ; and  are,  in  the  mean  time,  very  much 
battered  by  the  Englijh,  who  clofely  purfue  them.  The  chief 
Galleafs  is  ftranded  near  Calais.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  17,  18,  19. 

The  Reader  is  deCred  to  obferve,  that  the  Border  in  Plate  II,  IV, 
VI,  VIII,  X,  is  an  exaft  Rcprefentation  of  the  Border  to  the  Tape- 
ftry-Hangings,  which,  is  ornamented  with  the  Portraits  of  the  prin- 
cipal Commanders;  and  is  the  fame  in  all  the  Pieces  of  theTapeftry; 
only  the  Heads  are  differently  placed.  But  for  more  Variety,  and  in 
order  to  bring  in  the  Heads  of  Sir  Robert  Carey,  the  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland, Sir  Roger  Founfsend,  and  Sir  (Thomas  Gerard,  another  Border 
has  been  contrived,  being  that  which  is  round  Plate  Till,  V,  Vll,  IX. 

We  are  inform’d  by  Joachim  de  Sandrart*,  that  t\\&  Dejigns  of 
the  Tapeftry  were  made  by  Henry  Cornelius  Vroom,  a famous  Painter 
of  Harlem,  eminent  for  his  great  Skill  in  drawing  all  Sorts  of  Ship- 
ping; and  that  it  was  Wove  by  Francis  Spiring. 

• Academia  Artis  PiSlorite  Nortbergs,  p.  274. 

Explanation  of  the  Medals  and  other 
O RNAMENTS  Tound  the  Charts. 

Gen. Chart.  On  the  left  Side  Bri.tannia  is  reprefenteddartingThun- 
der  and  Lightning,  upon  Envt,  Superstition,  and  the  King- 
dom of  Spain,  delineated  by  thofe  of  Cajlile  and  Leon,  vvhich  lye 
groveling  below:  On  theother  Side,  True  Religion,  reprefented 
lay  a Woman  fitting,  and  holding  a Bible  in  one  Hand,  thunders 
down  upon  Hvpocrisy,  Ignorance,  and  Popery:  The  Medal 
at  the  Top  has,  on  one  Side,  the  Spanijh  Fleet  in  a Storm,  and  this 
Infcription,  FLAVIT  • • E T • D I SSIPATI  • SVNT  • 

1588.  Phe  Lord  blew,  and  they  were  difpers' d.  On  the  Reverie  is 
reprefented  a Church  founded  upon  a Rock,  (meaning  the  Proteftant 
Religion,)  which  the  Waves  beat  againft,  and  the  Heavens  feem 
to  frown  upon;  the  Infcription  is  ALLID  OR ''NON  • L.^ 
DOR,  I am  beat  (by  the  Waves)  but  not  hurt.  That  at  the 
Bottom,  which  is  of  Silver,  and  in  the  Colledtion  of  Dr.  Mead, 
has  on  one  Side,  the  Pope,  Cardinals,  and  Bilhops ; the  Emperor, 
King  Philip,  and  other  Princes  in  their  Robes  of  State,  fitting  in 
Confultation,  bound  about  their  Eyes  with  Fillets,  the  Ends  of 
which  are  flicking  up,  and  the  Floor  of  the  Room  they  are  allera- 
bled  in  all  full  of  Pricks:  The  Infcription  above  them,  O COE- 
CAS-HOMINVM-MENTES-  O • PECTOR  A • COE- 
CA.  O the  blind  Underjlandings  of  Men!  O their  blind  Hearts! 
About  the  Circle,  DVRVM  • EST  • CONTRA-  STIMV- 
LOS  • CALCI'TRARE,  It  is  hard  to  kick  againjl  the  Pricks; 
On  the  Revcrfe,  A Fleet  of  Ships  dafh’d  againft  Rocks,  and  fink- 
ing: Above,  VENI- VIDE- VIVE,  1588.  Come,  fee,  live, 
1588  : TV  - DEVS  • MAGN  VS  - ET  - MAGNA  - FACIS  - 
TV  • SOLVS  - DEVS,  Phou,  o God,  art  great,  and  doji  great 
things,  thou  art  God  alone. 

Chart  I.  and  IT.  Above  is  a profile  Face  of  Queen  Elizabeth  (taken 
from  a Minute  -of  If  Oliver,,  in  the  ColleiAton  of  Dr.  Mead,)  be- 
fore which  fitsHtSXORY  with  aaOlivc-Branch,  recording  her  great 


Aftions;  and  behind  her.  Fame  founding  her  Praifes.  On  each 
Side  of  the  Queen  arc  moreover  feveral  warlike  Inftruments  taken 
out  of  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  and  now  preferved  in  the  Tower.  From 
Ci^^a,Elizabeth’&  Pifture  hangs  the  Anchor  of  Hope,  the  Arms 
of  the  Admiralty,  furrounded  by  the  Winds;  and  below  Hands 
Neptune,  theGodof  the  Sea,  in  his  Chariot,  to  denote  the  Q^en’s 
Dominion  of  the  Narrow  Seas.  At  the  Corner  of  the  firft  Chart 
Britannia  fitting  upon  a Rock  in  the  Sea,  and  looking  fcornfully 
upon  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  has  this  very  pertinent  Motto  by  her. 

Maturate  fugam,  (Sc. 

Hence  to  your  Lord  my  Royal  Mandate  bear., 

Phe  Realms  oj  Ocean,  and  the  Fields  of  Air, 

Are  mine,  -not  his.  Virg.  JEn.  1.  i, 

Chart  III.  and  IV.  At  the  Top  is  a Pidture  of  the  Lord  High-Ad- 
miral, (taken  from  an  original  Painting  of  Frederica  Zucchero,  in 
Poffeflion  of  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Kent)  having  on  one  Side 
Prudence,  Janus  like,  with  a double  Face;  and  on  the  other. 
Courage  : Among  which  are  intermix’d  feveral  Spanijh  Weapons, 
now  in  the  Tower.  The  Silver  Coin,  which  was  ftruck  on  this 
glorious  Occafion  by  the  Zealanders,  has  on  one  fide  two  Ships 
engag’d,  and  under  CLASSIS  - HISP.  Round  the  Circle, 
V E N I T - I V I T - F V I T,  1 588.  Tf-e  Spanifti  Fleet  came,  went, 
was,  1588.  On  the  Reverfe,  the  Arms  of  Zealand,  with  this 
Infcription,  SOLI  • DEO -GLORIA,  Glory  to  God  alone; 
Under  the  Lord- Admiral,  Victory  fitting,  holds  in  her  right 
Hand  a Laurel  Crown,  and  his  Lordftiip’s  Arms:  In  her  left,  a 
Chain,  to  which  are  faftened  below  the  Duke  of  Medina,  and  the 
other  chief  Spanijh  Commanders. 

Chart  V.  and  VI.  At  the  Top  is  a Portait  of  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
(taken  out  of  Mr.  Knaptons  Colleflion  of  illuftrious  Men,)  and 
adorned  on  each  Side  with  proper  Naval  Ornam“nts.  The  Coin 
at  the  Top  has  on  one  Side  the  Arms  of  Zealand  crown’d,  with 
this  Infcription,  NON  - NOBIS  - DOMINE  - NON  - NO- 
BIS, 1588.  Not  to  us,  0 Lord,  not  to  us:  Reverfe,  The  Spanijh 
Fleet  flying,  thus  circumferibed,  SED  - NOMINI  - T VO  • 
D A - G LOR  I AM,  But  to  thy  Name  give  the  Praife:  That  at 
the  Bottom  reprefents  on  one  Side  Queen  Elizabeth,  fitting  in  a 
triumphal  Chariot,  holding  in  her  right  Hand  a Palm  Branch,  the 
Emblem  of  Vidlory;  and  in  her  left  a Book  open,  in  which  is 
the  Beginning  of  the  Lord’s  Prayer  in  Dutch,  and  round  the  Cir- 
cle. TANDEM  - BONA  -CAVSA  • TRIVMPHAT, 
1588.  At  lajl  the  good  Caufe  triumphs  ;'  Upon  the  Reverfe,  -a  Tree 
in  which  is  a Neft  full  of  fmall  Birds,  that  jointly  defend  them- 
fclves. againft  a Bird  of  Prey,  by  whom  they  are  attack’d:  At  the 
Bottom  3ELLVM  - NECESS.  A War  of  Necejjity:  Roiihd 
the  Circle,  SI  - NON  - VIRIBVS  • AT  • CAVSA  - POTIO- 
RES,  Superior,  if  not  in  Strength,  yet  in  the  Goodnefs  oJ  our 
Caufe.  . At  the  Bottom  of  thefe  two  Charts  is  reprefented  Sir 
Francis  Drake,  diftributing  amongft  his  Officers  and  Sailors,  the 
Money,  (Sc.  that  was  found  in  a great  Galleon  brought  to  Dart- 
mouth, See.  Account,  (Sc.  p.  13,  14.  Others  are  driving  the  Pri- 
foners  before  them. 

Chart  VII.  and  VIII.  At  the  upper  Part  are  the  Portraits  of  Sir 
M.  Forbijher,  and  Sir  J.  Hawkins  (taken  from  Holland’s  Hero- 
ologia  Anglicana ) with  a naval  Crown  betweeen  them,  and  other 
fuitable  Decorations.  Below  them,  upon  a Columna  Rojlrata, 
(/.  e.  a Pillar  adorned  with  the  Beaks  of  Ships,)  ftands  ViSlory, 
holding  a Shield,  upon  which  are  the  Names  of  thofe  brave  Per- 
fons  that  were  knighted  by  the  Lord-Admiral,  as  is  reprefented  at 
the  Bottom.  See  Account,  (Sc.  p.  1 6.  Others  are  bringing  Wea- 
pons out  of  the  Spanijh  Ships. 

Chart  IX.  and  X.  At  the  Top  is  a curious  Portrait  of  Queen  Eli- 
zabeth, (taken  from  a Gold  .Alto  Relievo,  in  the  Colledtion  of 
Dr.  Mead,)  thundering  down  upon  Philip  II.  King  of  Spain, 
Pope  Sixtus  V.  (taken  from  a Copper  Medal  in  the  Colledtion  of 
Pho.  Sadler  Efq;)  and  Alexander  Duke  of  Parma,  whom  fhe 
holds  in  Chains.  At  the  two  bottom  Corners  are  two  Boys  weep- 
ing, and  pointing  at  the  Spanijh  Fleet,  which  is  reprefented.  as 
Ihipwreck’d,  and  in  the  utmoft  Diftrefs.  The  Coin  at  the  left 
Hand  Corner  of  the  Top,  was  ftruck  by  the  Zealanders,  and  ex- 
hibits the  Spanijh  Fleet  in  a violent  Storm,  the  Sun  above,  break- 
ing out  of  a thick  Cloud;  the  Infcription  is,  POST  - NVBI- 
LA-PHOEBVS-  After  cloudy  Weather  Sun-jhine-,  or.  After 
a Storm  a Calm.  On  the  Coin  at  the  Right  Hand,  are  four  Per- 
fons  upon  their  Knees,  looking  up  to  Heaven,  with  this  Infcrip- 
tion, HOMO  • PROPONIT-  DEVS  - DI S PON  I T, 
propofeth,  God  difpofeth:  The  Reverfe,  which  is  not  copied  here, 
had  this  Infcription,  HISPANI-  FVGIVNT-ET-  PE- 
REVNT  - NEMINE-  SEQYENTE. 

The  above  Medals,  excepting  thofe  taken  from  the  ColledHbns 

mentioned,  are  from  Hifoire  Metallique  des  Pays  Bas,  par  G, 

van  Loon. 

Phis  Account  was  drawn  up  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Philip  Morant,  M.  A. 

ReSlor  of  St.  Nlsxy's,  Colchefter. 


E R R A P A. 

Page  3.  Col.  I.  I.ine  ult.  of  Notes,  for  Sailor  read  Sailors. 

Ihid.  for  Books  read  Book. 

Page  8.  Col.  I.  Line  5+.  for  del  Barrio  130  read  530. 

Ibid.  Col,  a.  Lane  38.  for  Rama  read  Lama. 


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APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX. 


NOTE. 


The  Spanish  Armada  made  an  effort,  July  25,  1588,  to  land  and  take  possession  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
when  a spirited  engagement  took  place,  which  caused  the  Spanish  admiral  to  pursue  his  course  to  Calais 
Roads. 

The  next  day  the  Lord  High  Admiral  of  the  English  fleet  called  on  board  of  his  own  ship,  the 
“ Arke-Royal,”  and  conferred  the  honor  of  knighthood  on  the  Lord  Thomas  Howard,  the  Lord  Sheffield 
Roger  Townsend,  Martin  Frobisher,  and  John  Hawkins,  as  a reward  for  their  undaunted  spirit  and 
bravery  in  this  great  fight  at  sea,  having  power  from  the  Queen  so  to  do. 

As  brief  biographical  sketches  of  these  important  commanders  may  be  interesting,  the  following  have 
been  taken  from  various  historical,  biographical,  and  genealogical  works : — 


THE  LORD  HOWARD  OF  EFFINGHAM. 


Charles,  second  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham, 
and  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England,  was  son  of  the 
first  lord  and  grandson  of  Thomas,  second  Duke 
of  Norfolk. 

He  was  born  1536,  and  after  much  service  was 
appointed,  in  1585,  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England, 
and  was  chief  in  command  against  the  Spanish  Ar- 
mada, in  1588. 

As  he  was  a staunch  Roman  Catholic,  history 
will  forever  honor  the  tremendous  efforts  made  by 
him  to  frustrate  the  landing  of  this  powerful  com- 
bination of  land  and  sea  forces,  fitted  out  as  it  were 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Pope  of  Rome,  and  his 
loyalty  to  his  Queen  and  country. 

In  1596,  he  commanded  the  fleet  while  the  Earl 


of  Essex  commanded  the  land  forces  in  the  expedi- 
tion against  Cadiz.  For  this  meritorious  service 
he  was  created  Earl  of  Nottingham.  In  1599,  in 
anticipation  of  another  invasion  by  the  King  of 
Spain,  he  was  given  the  sole  command  of  the  army 
and  navy,  with  the  title  of  Lieutenant-General  of  all 
England.  He  commanded  the  troop  that  subdued 
the  Essex  rebellion,  and  under  James  I.  was  em- 
ployed in  several  distinguished  capacities,  and  died 
December  14,  1624,  aged  eighty-eight,  having  some 
years  before  resigned  the  office  of  Lord  High  Ad- 
miral, in  the  behalf  of  the  favorite  Villiers,  Earl  of 
Buckingham,  receiving  in  exchange  a pension  of 
;£'i,ooo,  and  the  acquittal  of  a debt  of  ;^i,8oo  due 
the  Crown. 


THE  LORD  THOMAS  HOWARD. 


The  Lord  Thomas  Howard  was  a son  of  the 
fourth  Duke  of  Norfolk.  His  lordship  was  a dis- 
tinguished commander  in  the  memorable  engage- 
ment between  the  English  fleet  and  the  Spanish 
Armada,  in  1588. 

In  1591  he  had  command  of  a squadron  of  ships 
sent  out  to  attack  the  Spanish  Plate  fleet,  home- 
ward bound  from  America,  and  distinguished  him- 
self, with  Sir  Thomas  Vasseur,  in  capturing  a part 
of  this  fleet. 

He  was,  in  1596,  in  the  fleet  commanded  by 
Charles  Howard,  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England. 
This  Thomas  Howard  led  the  third  squadron,  and 
it  was  this  fleet  which  took  the  town  of  Cadiz. 
Ihe  same  year,  on  his  return,  he  was  summoned  to 
Parliament  by  the  title  of  Lord  Howard  of  Walden. 

The  next  year,  to  divert  the  Spaniard  from  a de- 
scent on  Ireland,  the  Queen  sent  out  a fleet  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty,  divided  into  three  squadrons, 
commanded  by  the  Earl  of  Essex,  Lord  Thomas 


Howard,  and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  On  his  return 
to  England,  he  was  installed  one  of  the  Knights  of 
the  Garter,  May  24,  1597. 

In  1601,  he  was  one  of  the  commanders  of  the 
forces  to  whom  the  Earl  of  Essex  surrendered,  and 
on  the  19th  February  following  he  was  one  of  the 
peers  that  sat  on  his  trial,  being  then  constable 
of  the  Tower.  Meeting  King  James  I.  at  Theo- 
balds, in  May,  1603,  he  was  sworn  of  the  Privy 
Council,  and  July  21st  following  was  advanced  to 
the  Earldom  of  Suffolk.  He  was  also  made  a Com- 
missioner for  making  Knights  of  the  Bath,  also  for 
executing  the  office  of  Earl  Marshal  of  England. 
In  1605,  being  Lord  Chamberlain  together  with 
the  Lord  Mounteagle,  the  Gunpowder  Plot  was 
discovered.  He  was  elected  Chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge  in  1613,  and  July  ii,  1614, 
was  constituted  Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England. 
The  earl  died  in  London,  May  28,  1626. 


6 


APPENDIX. 


SIR  ROGER  TOWNSHEND. 


Sir  Roger  Townshend  of  Raynham,  Knight, 
was  descended,  according  to  Collins  and  other 
learned  antiquaries,  through  a long  line  of  ancestry 
from  Lodovic  or  Lewis,  a Norman  nobleman,  who 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Thomas 
de  Hauteville  or  Havile,  Lord  of  Raynham,  through 
which  match  the  Raynham  estate  came  into  the 
family  and  is  now  the  chief  seat  of  the  Marquis 
Townshend. 

This  Sir  Roger  was  born  about  1550,  and  was 
heir  to  his  great  grandfather.  Sir  Roger  Towns- 
hend, Kt.,  whose  will  was  proved  at  Norwich,  Co. 
Norfolk,  May  10,  1552.  He  was  a gentleman  of 
high  rank  and  great  worth  in  his  native  county 
Norfolk,  and  while  Spain  was  preparing  the  Invin- 
cible Armada  of  1588  to  invade  England,  he  man- 
ifested the  greatest  spirit  and  energy  in  fitting  out 
and  manning  ships  at  his  own  expense  to  repel  the 

SIR  JOHN 

Sir  John  Hawkins,  a seaman  of  distinguished 
ability  who  flourished  during  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth, was  born  at  Plymouth  about  1520,  and  his 
early  life  was  spent  in  trading  voyages  to  the  south 
of  Europe  and  African  coast.  With  the  assistance 
of  several  merchants  he  fitted  out  a small  fleet  in 
1562,  and  obtained  by  force  and  purchase  a cargo 
of  negroes,  which  he  carried  to  the  Spanish  West 
India  Colonies  and  there  sold  them  ; this  we  believe 
was  the  first  adventure  in  the  African  slave  trade 
made  by  Englishmen. 

He  made  many  voyages  of  this  kind,  and  was 
at  last  attacked  by  the  Spanish  authorities  in  the 
Port  of  S.  Juan  de  Ulloa,  and  saved  only  two  of  his 
ships  and  returned  to  England  in  January,  1568, 
after  suffering  much  hardship.  This  was  his  last 
commercial  enterprise. 


SIR  MARTIN 

Sir  Martin  Frobisher  was  born  at  Doncaster, 
Yorkshire,  of  humble  parentage,  and  brought  up  to 
the  sea,  and  in  early  life  displayed  the  talents  of  a 
great  navigator,  and  was  the  first  Englishman  who 
attempted  to  find  a northwest  passage  to  China. 
Under  the  patronage  of  Ambrose  Dudley,  Earl  of 
Warwick,  he  fitted  out  two  barks  of  twenty-five 
tons,  and  a pinnace  of  ten  tons,  and  sailed  from 
Deptford,  January  8,  1576,  and  on  July  nth  dis- 
covered Freeseland  and  the  strait  which  still  bears 
his  name,  and  after  making  numerous  discoveries 
he  returned  to  England,  arriving  at  Harwich  2d 
October  of  the  same  year.  On  this  voyage  he  took 
possession  of  the  country  in  Queen  Elizabeth’s  name 
and  brought  back  with  him  specimens  of  gold  ore. 
This  circumstance  raised  prodigious  expectations, 
and  the  Queen  lent  him  a ship  of  two  hundred  tons 
for  his  next  expedition,  on  which  he  sailed  accom- 
panied with  a party  of  one  hundred  and  forty  per- 
sons (also  two  barks  of  thirty  tons  each)  from 
Gravesend,  May  26,  1577.  Pie  made  numerous  dis- 
coveries, but  his  instructions  were  to  search  for  ore, 
and  being  in  the  Countess  of  Warwick  Island  he 


invaders,  going  in  person  in  the  cause  of  his  country, 
and  on  account  of  his  undaunted  spirit  and  bravery 
in  the  several  engagements  previous  to  the  26th  of 
July,  he  was  knighted  that  day  on  board  the  Ark 
Royal,  by  the  Admiral  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham, 
who  had  power  from  Queen  Elizabeth  so  to  do. 
This  Sir  Roger  was  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  and 
suffered  the  loss  of  many  of  his  men,  and  we  have 
evidence  from  a letter  dated  at  Margate,  Kent, 
August  10,  1588,  in  which  Lord  Howard  writes 
Burghley  “that  of  all  the  men  brought  by  Sir  Roger 
Townshend  he  has  but  one  left  alive.’’ 

He  lived  but  two  years  afterwards,  dying  in  the 
flower  of  his  age  at  a seat  he  had  purchased  of 
Thomas  Sutton,  Esq.,  at  Newington,  Co.  Middle- 
sex, and  was  buried  June  30,  1590,  in  the  church  of 
St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  London. 


HAWKINS. 

Hawkins  was  appointed  in  1573  treasurer  of  the 
navy,  and  in  1588  we  find  him  serving  as  Rear 
Admiral  against  the  Spanish  Armada,  and  for  his 
great  spirit  and  bravery  he  was  knighted  by  the 
Admiral  Charles  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham.  He 
went  to  intercept  the  Plate  fleet  and  harrass  the 
trade  of  Spain  with  Frobishers  and  others  in  1590, 
but  failed  in  the  first  object  and  succeeded  in  the 
second.  In  1595,  he  was  sent  with  Drake  to  com- 
mand an  expedition  against  the  Spaniards  in  the 
West  Indies  ; but  they  failed  to  agree  and  soon 
after  separated.  Sir  John  Hawkins  died  Novem- 
ber 21,  1595,  and  his  colleague,  Drake,  soon  after. 
Hawkins  founded  a hospital  at  Chatham  for  poor 
and  sick  seamen.  He  also  sat  in  Parliament  for 
Plymouth. 


FROBISHER. 

took  a lading  of  it  and  arrived  in  England  the 
end  of  September,  1577,  and  was  most  graciously 
received  by  the  Queen,  who  fitted  out  another  fleet 
of  twelve  vessels  which  sailed  from  Harwich  May 
31,  1578,  and  sighted  Freeseland  June  20th,  and 
took  possession  of  the  country  in  the  Queen’s  name, 
calling  it  West  England,  and  after  collecting  much 
ore  sailed  for  and  arrived  in  England  after  a stormy 
and  dangerous  passage  in  the  beginning  of  October. 
In  1588  he  commanded  the  Trmmph  in  the  engage- 
ment against  the  Spanish  Armada  and  received  the 
honor  of  knighthood  for  his  valor  at  sea  by  the 
Lord  High  Admiral,  26  July  of  the  same  year.  In 
1590,  he  commanded  a squadron  to  the  Spanish 
Coast,  and  in  1594  he  was  sent  with  four  men-of- 
war  to  the  assistance  of  Henry  IV.  of  France, 
against  a body  of  leaguers  and  Spaniards  then  in 
possession  of  part  of  Brittany,  who  had  fortified 
themselves  very  strongly  at  Croyzon  near  Brest. 
Here,  in  an  assault  upon  that  fort,  November  7th, 
he  was  wounded  by  a ball  in  the  hip,  of  which  he 
died  soon  after  he  had  brought  the  fleet  safely  back 
to  Plymouth,  and  was  buried  in  that  town. 


APPENDIX. 


7 


SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH. 


Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  a distinguished  statesman, 
scholar,  and  warrior,  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and 
James  L,  was  born  in  1552,  at  Budleigh  in  Devon- 
shire, and  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  made  one  of  a troop  of  an 
hundred  gentlemen  volunteers  whom  Queen  Eliza- 
beth permitted  to  go  to  France,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Henry  Champernon,  for  the  service  of  the 
Protestant  princes.  He  next  served  in  the  Nether- 
lands ; and,  on  his  return  from  the  Continent,  his 
half-brother,  Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert,  having  ob- 
tained a grant  of  lands  in  North  America,  he  en- 
gaged with  a considerable  number  of  gentlemen  to 
go  out  to  Newfoundland  : but  the  expedition  prov- 
ing unsuccessful.  Sir  Walter  returned  to  England, 
after  being  exposed  to  several  dangers,  and  pro- 
ceeded thence  to  Ireland,  where  he  made  his  brav- 
ery so  conspicuous  in  quelling  the  insurgents,  that 
he  was  received  at  court  with  considerable  favor, 
and  obtained  permission  and  supplies  to  prosecute 
his  discoveries  in  America,  which  ended  in  his  set- 
tling a colony  in  that  country,  called,  in  honor  of 
his  maiden  sovereign,  Virginia  ; and  he  is  said  to 
have  first  introduced  tobacco  and  potatoes  into 
Europe.  In  the  mean  time  the  Queen  conferred  on 
him  the  distinction  of  knighthood,  and  rewarded 
him  by  several  lucrative  grants,  including  a large 
share  of  the  forfeited  Irish  estates.  When  his  conu- 
try’s  safety  was  threatened  by  the  famous  Spanish 
Armada,  be  raised  and  disciplined  the  militia  of 
Cornwall  ; and  afterwards,  by  joining  the  fleet  with 
a squadron  of  ships  belonging  to  gentlemen  volun- 
teers, assisted  in  obtaining  the  signal  victory  which 
it  pleased  Providence  to  give  to  the  English  over 
the  Spaniards  on  that  occasion.  He  was  now 
made  gentleman  of  the  privy  chamber  ; but  shortly 
after  fell  into  disgrace,  and  was  confined  for  some 
months,  partly  on  account  of  a tract  which  he  had 
published,  entitled  “ the  School  for  Atheists,”  which 
was  unfairly  construed  by  his  enemies  into  a vindi- 
cation of  atheistical  principles  ; and  partly  for  a 
clandestine  attachment  to  one  of  the  Queen’s  maids 
of  honor,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Throckmor- 
ton ; which  lady,  however,  he  afterwards  honorably 
married.  During  his  seclusion  he  planned  the  dis- 
covery of  the  extensive  country  of  Guiana,  in  South 
America,  in  which  he  took  an  active  part  himself, 
afc  soon  as  he  was  set  at  liberty:  but  the  season 
being  unfavorable,  he  returned  to  England,  and  was 
soon  after  appointed  to  a command  in  the  impor- 
tant expedition  to  Cadiz,  of  which  the  success  was 
in  a great  measure  owing  to  Sir  Walter’s  valor  and 


prudence.  This,  joined  to  several  other  important 
services,  restored  him  completely  to  the  favor  of 
Elizabeth,  towards  the  end  of  her  reign.  Her  suc- 
cessor, James,  prejudiced  against  him  by  Robert 
Cecil,  disapproving  of  his  martial  spirit,  and  jeal- 
ous of  his  abilities,  availed  himself  of  a court  con- 
spiracy against  this  great  man,  charging  him  with 
participating  in  an  attempt  to  place  upon  the  throne 
Arabella  Stuart,  and  of  carrying  on  a secret  corre- 
spondence with  the  King  of  Spain.  By  the  base 
subservience  of  the  jury,  he  was  brought  in  guilty 
of  high  treason,  even  to  the  surprise  of  the  Attor- 
ney-General Coke  himself,  who  declared  that  he  had 
only  charged  him  with  misprision  of  treason.  Ra- 
leigh was  reprieved,  and  committed  to  the  Tower, 
where  his  wife,  at  her  earnest  solicitation,  was  al- 
lowed to  reside  with  him,  and  where  his  youngest 
son  was  born.  Twelve  years  was  Sir  Walter  de- 
tained a prisoner  in  the  Tower  ; during  which  time, 
besides  various  minor  compositions,  he  wrote  his 
“ History  of  the  World  ; ” a work  distinguished  for 
the  richness  of  its  information,  the  judiciousness  of 
its  reflections,  and  the  vigor  of  its  style.  At  length 
his  release  was  obtained,  in  1616,  by  the  advance  of 
a large  sum  of  money  to  the  new  favorite,  Villiers  ; 
and,  to  retrieve  his  broken  fortunes,  he  planned 
another  expedition  to  America.  He  obtained  a 
patent  under  the  great  seal  for  making  a settle- 
ment in  Guiana;  but,  in  order  to  retain  a power 
over  him,  the  king  did  not  grant  him  a pardon  for 
the  sentence  passed  upon  him  for  his  alleged  trea- 
son. Having  reached  the  Orinoco,  he  dispatched 
a portion  of  his  force  to  attack  the  new  Spanish  set- 
tlement of  St.  Thomas,  which  was  captured  ; but  he 
had  to  lament  the  death  of  his  eldest  son,  who  fell 
on  that  occasion.  The  expected  plunder  proved  of 
little  value  : and  Sir  Walter,  having  in  vain  tried  to 
induce  his  captains  to  attack  other  Spanish  settle- 
ments, arrived  at  Plymouth  in  July,  1618.  Being 
brought  before  the  court  of  King’s  Bench,  his  plea  of 
an  implied  pardon  by  his  subsequent  command,  was 
overruled  ; and  the  doom  of  death  being  pronounced 
against  him,  it  was  carried  into  execution  the  follow- 
ing day,  October  28,  1819,  in  Old  Palace  Yard. 
His  behavior  at  the  scaffold  was  calm,  and,  after 
addressing  the  people  at  some  length  in  his  own 
justification,  he  received  the  stroke  of  death  with 
perfect  composure  ; remarking  to  the  sheriff,  with 
a smile,  as  he  felt  the  edge  of  the  axe,  “ This  is  a 
sharp  medicine,  but  it  is  a physician  that  will  cure 
all  diseases.” 


JOHN  PINE. 


Very  little  is  known  of  the  parentage  of  John 
Pine,  the  original  engraver  and  publisher  of  this 
work. 

He  flourished  between  the  years  1720-1750,  and 
ranked  second  to  none  in  his  profession.  He  was 
a most  intimate  friend  of  Hogarth,  who  showed  his 
admiration  for  him  by  painting  him  in  the  manner 
of  Rembrandt. 

The  years  of  his  birth  and  death  are  uncertain. 
His  chief  works  are  the  Ceremonies  used  at  the  Re- 


vival of  the  Order  of  the  Bath  ; a splendid  edition 
of  Horace,  illustrated  with  copies  of  antiques,  bas- 
reliefs,  gems,  and  coins : also  a print  of  the  House 
of  Commons. 

His  engravings  of  the  tapestry  hangings  of  the 
House  of  Lords  are  sufficient  evidence  of  his  ability 
as  an  engraver.  These  splendid  representations  of 
the  engagements  between  the  English  fleet  and  the 
Spanish  Armada  were  destroyed  by  fire  when  the 
Houses  of  Parliament  were  burned,  Oct.  16,  1834. 


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